PHYCIODES I., II. 



and took them directly to the Catskills, where they hatched just as I arrived, 

 20th. This was the fourth generation of the season from the third laying of 

 eggs. Tiie weather in Virginia had been excessively hot, and so I found it on 

 the journey; but on reaching the mountains it was cool, and the nights decidedly 

 cold. Two days after my arrival the mercury stood at sunrise at 40^ Far. Sep- 

 tember was a wet and cold mouth, and I protected the larva? in a warm room 

 at night, and much of the time by day, for they will not feed when the tempera- 

 ture is less than about 50°. The first chrysalis was formed 15th September, 

 twenty-six days from the hatching of the larva?, and others at different dates up 

 to the 2Gth September, or thirty-seven days from the egg. Forty per cent, of 

 this brood, or fifty-two larva? out of one hundred and twenty-seven, became 

 lethargic after second moult. I entered in my journal as follows: "16th Sep- 

 tember, fifly-two larvae have ceased feeding at second moult." " 26th Septem- 

 ber, fully one half of the larva? which had ceased feeding at second moult began 

 to feed again, after resting a few days, and have now passed third moult." 

 After which they became lethargic and so remained. I was surprised at finding 

 in the summer that the broods then had but four moults, as I satisfied myself by 

 repeated tests, in each brood, inasmuch as I had noted three fall moults in 

 some cases, and two in the spring, in the larvae of 1875. But later observa- 

 tions confirm the fact that both this species and Nydeis pass five larval moults 

 in the winter brood, and but four in any summer brood. 



I returned to Coalburgh loth October, and till I reached this place the 

 weather on the way was cold, with several frosty nights. So that for a period 

 of thirty days, the chrysalids had at no time been exposed to warmth. The 

 day I arrived the butterflies began to emerge, and before the end of a week all 

 that were living had come forth, namely, nine males, ten females. Of these nine 

 males, tour were changed to Marcla, Var. C, three were D, and two were not 

 changed at all. Of the ten females, eight were changed, five of them to Var. 

 B, three to C. The other two females were not dift'erent from many examples 

 of the summer brood, having large discal patches on under side of hind wings, 

 besides the markings common to that brood. 



Ten of the chrysalids I mailed from the Catskills to Mr. Lintner, at Albany, 

 N. Y., asking him to keep them in a cool place until the butterflies should 

 emerge. Between 21st October and 2d November, these gave six butterflies, 

 all females and all Marcla, Var. B. 



Eighteen of the chrysalids I had placed in an ice-house, at Hunter, 20th 

 September, laying them in a tin box directly on the surfiice of the ice, the tem- 

 perature being 40°, with little variation. Part were so placed within thx'ee hours 

 after the forming of the chrysalis, and before they had hardened ; others within 



