PHYCIODES I., 11. 



six hours, and others within nine hours ; and so all remained for seven days, 

 that being the longest summer period of the chrysalis. On removing them 

 from the ice they seemed to me dead. They were soft, and when they became 

 hard had a shriveled surface. I brought them to Coalburgh, and discovered no 

 sign of life till 21st October, when the weather suddenly became hot, the mer- 

 cury rising to 87°, with a south wind. In two days fifteen butterflies emerged, 

 every one Marcia, not a doubtful form among them in either sex. There were 

 ten males, five females ; of the former, five were of Var. C, four of D, one of 

 B. Of the five females, one was Var. C, four of B. The other three chrysalids 

 were dead. All the butterflies of this brood were diminutive, starved by the 

 cold ; but those from the ice were sensibly smaller than the others. The ex- 

 amples of Var. B were intense in the coloring of the under surfoce, and the 

 single male was as deeply colored as the females, which I have never seen in 

 nature. The examples of the other varieties were extreme, but not so unusual. 



So much for the Coalburgh broods, and I was able to compare their behavior 

 with those of the same species in the Catskills. When I went thither in June, 

 arriving on the 18th, I found a few male Marcia, Var. D, flying, no females. 

 This was exactly one month later than the first males had been seen at Coal- 

 burgh. The first female was taken 26th .June, and on 27th and 28th I took one 

 each day, all of them 3Iarcia, C. No more were seen, and no Iforpheus, though' 

 I was daily in the fields. So that the first female was thirty-eight days later 

 than the first at Coalburgh. These three females I set on aster, and two forth- 

 with deposited eggs. 



The eggs were mailed to Coalburgh, and, returning soon after, I found that 

 they had hatched, 3d July. The first moult occurred on the 9th, the second on 

 12th, the thii-d on 15th, the fourth on 18th, and the first chrysalis was formed on 

 20th, its butterfly emerging 29th July. So that the periods were, egg six, larva 

 seventeen, chrysalis nine days. Five per cent, of this brood became lethargic 

 after second moult. This was the second generation of the butterfly of the sea- 

 son, from the first laying of eggs. All the emerging butterflies were 3Iorj)heus, 

 no Marcia, and all wei'e characterized by an intense blackness of the dark jjor- 

 tions of the wings, as compared with any Coalburgh examples. Also nearly 

 all the females showed the discal band on upper fore wings yellow instead of 

 fulvous (Fig. 4). (This last peculiarity, the change in the band, appeared in 

 some of the females of the third Coalburgh generation, but no other.) On the 

 under side, the reticulated lines were unusually heavy, and the marginal cloud 

 and brown patches largely extended and deep colored. 



This second generation was just one month behind the second at Coalburgh. 

 So far only could I trace the Catskill generation this year ; but as, in 1875, Mr. 



