GRAPTA III. 



was the same in all. But I have alcoholic examples, one of which is dark, the 

 other as white as the larva of G. Dryas figured in same Volume, Plate 37. In 

 the description of larva of Satyrus, furnished by Mr. Edwards, it is said that 

 there are six rows of spines. This should have been seven, as all the Vanessidas 

 have seven rows, one dorsal and three on either side. 



Since the Plate of llarsyas was published, in the present volume, Mr. 0. T. 

 Baron, of Navarro, Cal., has ascertained by breeding from the female Saty- 

 rus in confinement, that Marsyas is seasonally-dimorphic with that species. He 

 sent me the parent female and the resulting progeny, all which last were Mar- 

 syas, some as diminutive as the examples figm-ed on the Plate, others larger, 

 though none equal in expanse of wing the parent Satyrus. The suffused Mar- 

 syas on the present Plate (Fig. 5) represents one of these bred examples. 



Note. — We now know the full life-history, from egg to imago, of several of the American species of this 

 genus, namely : Jnterrogalionis, Comma, Salyrus, and Progne; also the history of Zephyrus, Rusticus, and 

 Faunus, fi'om the half-grown larva to imago. Mr. Seudder found Faunus feeding on willow, and sent me 

 drawings of larva and chrysalis. Mr. Caulfield found the larva on nettle, and has described larva and chrysalis 

 in Can. Ent., Vol. VII. Professor Fernald writes that larvae of Faunus have been found in Maine, feeding on 

 currant, and Mr. Roberts, that he has taken them in Vermont on wilil gooseberry. The larva is bicolored, of a 

 pattern similar to tluitof Rusticus and C Album, and the chrysalis has a peculiarity found in both these species, 

 the processes on the head being bent in, and throwing out a little blunt spur at the bend, on outer side, as 

 shown on the Plate. This peculiarity indicates the intimate relation of these species to one another, and it 

 separates them from Comma and all the other American species, the chrysalids of which are known. 



Of these species whose history we know, Inlerrogalionis, Comma, and Satyrus are proven to be seasonally- 

 dimorphic. Some others may be, as possibly Rusticus and Silcius, but as yet there is no reliable evidence of it. 

 So much has been learned since I published the Plate of Faunus, in 1869, some ten years ago. As stated in 

 the notes accompanying the Plate of Comma, two years later, I did not describe Faunus till I had sent an ex- 

 ample to Mr. Stainton, asking him to compare it with the European C Album. He replied that he had done 

 so, and that it was of a distinct, unnamed species, put down in the British Museum Catalogue as " Vanessa 



, from Hudson Bay." That it was catalogued in this manner was proof that in the opinion of the 



entomologists in charge at the Museum, it was something unknown, and therefore not the common and very 

 well known C Album. Nevertheless, after my Plate appeared, several lepidopterists on the continent de- 

 clared that Faunus was nothing but C Album, and to test the matter, I sent examples of Faunus, Satyrus, and 

 Comma, to one of the most experienced, for his opinion. The reply came that all three wei-e C Album, but 

 that Satyrus was more unmistakable, and approached the European form more closely than did the other two. 

 (See Vol. L, note to G. Comma.') Looked at in the light we have to-day, gained by breeding from the female 

 Comma and Satyrus, that was a remarkable statement, that Satyrus was more unmistalcable and nearer than 

 Faunus and Comma to C Album. It meant at least that, in the opinion of Dr. Staudinger, Satyrus was close 

 to, or identical with, the typical C AUnim. Now Faunus certainly belongs to a distinct sub-group from that 

 which comprises Satyrus and Comma, as is determined not only by peculiarities of the imago but of the larva 

 and chrysalis as well. 



So late as 1874, the venerable and learned Professor Zellcr, in a review of my volume, in Ent. Zeit., 

 Stettin, while allowing Comma to be a good species, because it and its dimorphic form Dryas had been proven 

 so by breeding, and their larva; were figured in the volume, concludes that Faunus is identical with one of 

 the varieties of C Album, found in certain parts of Europe, and which he specifies as C Album, variety U ; and 

 that Satyrus and Zephyrus are probably parcel of the same thing, or, in other words, sub-varieties of Faunus, 

 He says : " That our European C Album appears with remarkable variation is often noticed by authors, but 

 none have taken the varieties for distinct species. Three of the varieties may be very sharply characterized. 

 .... I can perceive in my example of Faunus only Var. B of C Album." 



