APATURA I. 



when it would slowly raise its head and perhaps move along a little, or would 

 throw the head buck drowsily as if to intimidate an enemy, an attitude which the 

 larva? wlien active would assume to drive away an ichneumon fly. These larvse 

 were alive on the 14th of March following, but shortly after were destroyed by 

 an accident. 



On 28th June, 1873, I again secured a female, and in same way as before 

 obtained many eggs, about seventy, laid singly and also in clusters. Two clusters 

 were three layers deep. From these eggs I succeeded in raising about twenty 

 butterflies before the end of July. All the larva? which then matured retained 

 their green color to the last, but the others, fully one half of the brood, after the 

 second moult, stopped feeding and changed color. This change is not attendant 

 upon a change of skin, but usually begins soon after the moult, and takes place 

 gradually. In some cases it was complete within two or three days, but in 

 others several weeks intervened. In the same way the reverse change occurs in 

 the spring before the third moult, but the process is then rapid. 



Subsequently, September 7tli, Mr. T. L. Mead, at Coalburgh, confined a dozen 

 females in one large bag, and from these were obtained nearly or quite 1000 

 eggs, as we computed. More than 150 were laid on one leaf, and half of these 

 in one great cluster. The caterpillars from these eggs were left on the tree under 

 confinement, and so remained till the cool nights made it advisable to give them 

 protection. A few were then found to be still feeding, but most had changed 

 color and were at rest. Of this large number that went into hybernation, about 

 fifty only emerged alive. I had placed them in the cellar, where they were left 

 till April, then removing to a moderately warm room, about the time the buds 

 on the Hackberry were beginning to burst into leaf. Perhaps the result would 

 have been more favorable had the larva? been exposed to light and air during 

 the winter. On 26th April, a few were observed in motion, and buds were intro- 

 duced on which they readily began to feed. By 2d May, they were beginning 

 to lose their brown coats, changing to pale green. After the third moult, which 

 occurred on the 5th and succeeding days, they appeared in the beautiful emei'ald 

 green that is natural to the summer brood. By the 21st May, the first change 

 to chrysalis was made, and the butterflies began to appear on 30th of same 

 month. 



The larva? of the spring differ from those of the summer and fall so sti-ikingly 

 that had I met them at large I might well have supposed them to be of another 

 species. Instead of the tessellated back, the ornamentation was restricted to 

 longitudinal stripes. The}^ were also unusually large. The differences uiiiy be 

 seen by reference to the Plate. (Fig. h.) 



The young larvte of Celtis are not so intensely gregarious as those of Clyion, 



