APATURA I. 



but they remain upon the same leaf, scattered in small bodies over the surface, 

 near together without being in close contact, as is the habit of Clyton. It is not 

 usual to find more than one on a leaf in the natural state after they have become 

 half grown, and they jjrobably disperse at the third moult, that is, the few that 

 survive the attacks of their many enemies. ■ 



When ready to change to chrysalis, the cateqiillar covers the side of the leaf 

 next about it with silk, and remains motionless for several hours. Its color now 

 becomes of a uniform green, the j^ellow markings disappearing. The body 

 shortens and contracts at either extremity, while retaining its full thickness in 

 the middle segments. During this period, it does not hang suspended by its 

 anal legs, as do the Graptas, but rests upon the leaf as usual, the tail more 

 appressed to the leaf and the head bent under. Gradually the anterior segments 

 contract, the seventh and next succeeding becoming at the same time compressed 

 laterally and elevated, and the dorsal outline assumes the carinated shape of the 

 chrysalis. At length it loses its foothold and hangs by the anal legs, the skin 

 divides at back of the head and is speedily shuffled toward the tail, the pad of 

 booklets at the end is fastened into the silk by the same process as in Grapta, 

 (see notes on Comma, Vol. I.), and with rapid whirls it divests itself of the cast 

 off skin and the change is complete. The pad spoken of is filled with booklets 

 seemingly to the number of a hundred or more. (Fig- k.) 



Although so many eggs are deposited by Celtis, few of its caterpillars can 

 reach maturity, and probably few emerge from the egg, not so much because of 

 the ordinary parasites that destroy most species, but of the spiders which infest 

 the Hackberry to an unusual degree, so that it has seemed to me almost impos- 

 sible that a solitary egg could escaj)e them, much more clusters of eggs. I have 

 not noticed any losses by ichneumon flies in this species, and Mr. Riley has had a 

 similar experience. This author has admirably desci'ibed the life history of 

 Celt'ts in the j^aper cited, and has elaborately and beautifully illustrated its phases 

 by his 2)encil. 



I do not know of any other food-plant for this species than the Hackberry. 



Celtis is considered by some authors to be identical with Lycaon, Fab., and 

 Alicia as only a variety of the same species. My reasons for differing from 

 tJiese conclusions are as follows : — 



The description of Lycaon, Ent. Syst. III., p. 228, No. 714, reads thus : " P. 

 S. alis dentatis anticis fuscis flavo alboque maculatis, posticis ferrugineis : ocellis 

 sex ccecis, subtus variegatis : ocellis octo." 



Papilio Lycaon. Jon. fig. pict. 4, tab. 17, fig. 1. 



Habitat. Mus. Dom. Drury. 



" Corpus medium, fuscum abdominis lateribus fulvis. Al» anticfe supra fusca?, 



