APATURA II. 



final change is effected in the same manner as in Celils, and the chrysalis is also 

 supendod by a pad of hooklets. 



Cli/toH is dimorphic in Ijotli sexes, bnt not seasonally-dimorphic, as miglit be 

 the case were there two broods annually. Of twenty-one butterflies raised by 

 me from the egg, eight were the form (JceUata, namely: 4^, 4^ ; of Proserpina 

 thirteen, 8^, o*. 



In the fall of 187->. I received a few larv;v of Chjton from Mr. Riley, in leth- 

 argic state. These l)egan to move 2d May, 1874, but every stage was pro- 

 longed, and the first chrysalis was not formed till 7th July, thirtv'-eight days after 

 the corresponding change occurred with the larva? found at Coalburgh. As all 

 the attendant circumstances were apparently identical in the two cases, I can 

 give no explanation of this singular phenomenon. The duration of the chrysalis 

 stage was same in botli cases, about ten day.s. 



The contrast between tlie two species Celtis and Clyton is striking as relates to 

 their preparatory- stages. The eggs and chrysalids are nearly identical in form, 

 and the caterpillars have a general resemblance. But the eggs of Chiton are 

 laid in clusters of hundreds, those of Celtis either singly or in" lots of from five to 

 twenty. The larvaj of Celtis are gregarious, but are satisfied with nearness with- 

 out contact ; those of Chjton require actual contact and asseralsle in groups to 

 which all scattered ones are attracted. I have frequently separated a group, but 

 in a few hours all its members were together again. Celtis completes its history 

 in one summer brood, though part of tins may hybei'nate, and it has a second, 

 which always hybernates. Clyton, in West Virginia at least, has no 'second 

 brood, but all the larva? hybernate. 



Of the habits of the butterfly I am unal)le to speak from niv own knowledue, 

 but I am informed by correspondents that it behaves much like Celtis. The 

 larviB of the two frequent the same tree, and Mr. Charles Dury, of Avondale, 

 Ohio, tells me that he has taken as many as sixty larva* of the two species at 

 same time from a small Ilackberry. He writes " I have often taken Ch/ton, 

 .sometimes on trees from which there was an exudation of sap, and sometimes on 

 rotten apples. But in most cases it is to be seen in the woods. Its movements 

 are less lively than those of Celtis." 



As is the case with Celtis, the larva> of Clyton feed upon the thickest leaves. 

 When winter approaches, they probabW, to some extent, seek shelter on, the 

 rough, corky bark of the Hackberry, though many no doubt fall with the leaves 

 and perish. 



I know of no other food plant for this species than the Celtis occidentalis. Dr. 

 Boisduval gives Prunus as one of them, but I have been unable to verify the 

 statement, even when the lai'vre have been made to fast for hours. 



