LYCyExNA 11. , III. 9 



4th, lOtii, 19th August; 1st and 14th Sei^tember. These may have been all 

 from Negleeta, but there is nothing to show that some might not have been 

 from Pseudargiolus. 



In the spring, there certainly is no connection between Violacm and Pseudar- 

 giolus. Every year, when the first eggs of Vlolacea are being laid, some butter- 

 flies of the other form are on the wing, and before the larvaj of Vlolacea are 

 mature the bulk of the Pseudargiolus generation has appeared. Al)out 1st June, 

 this forui is passing away, and is often entirely gone ; and just then come the 

 fresh exami^les of Ncglccta, which are in direct descent from Vlolacea. The 

 period from laying of the egg to disclosure of butterfly froni Vlolacea, in the only 

 instance in which a butterfly has come from egg of that form the same year, was 

 fifty-three days, on Gth June. And many years' observations show that Negleeta 

 begins to appear in the early days of June, becoming abundant al)out the middle 

 of that month. It is only by a connection between Psendarglohts and the other 

 forms in the fall that any inter-relationship can be found ; that is, some chrysalids of 

 Pseudargiolus give butterflies which unite with butterflies from chrysalids of the 

 June Negleeta to produce the fall larva?, from which come Vlolacea in April. 

 Otherwise Pseudargiolus would be set in the middle of the .series, with no link in 

 either direction. The true second generation of the year, in Virginia, is Neg- 

 leeta, appearing in June. Pseudargiolus is an interpolated spring generation, the 

 first in the year of its series. Its second comprises a part of the few butterflies 

 which fly between July and October. If these late butterflies were suppressed, 

 Pseudargiolus \^'oVi\([ stand as a distinct species, with no trace of its relation to the 

 other forms. So if anywhere to the northward the winter form was supm'cssed, 

 Negleeta alone would represent the species, and Mr. Saunders is confident that 

 about London, Ont., this is the condition. Prof. Liutner describes Negleeta ;is 

 appearing in swarms at Centre, N. Y., — as Vlolacea sometimes does in Virginia, 

 but Negleeta never, — " the air has seemed blue from the myriads," and as flying 

 there, and also in the vicinity of Alljany, from middle of May to middle of June ; 

 while the winter forms have been wholly unknown to collectors till recently, a 

 single example having been taken here and there. These myriads of course are 

 from hibernating chrysalids. May at Albany is early spring, and Negleeta comes 

 with the first blossoms, just as Vlolacea in Virginia comes in April, with the blos- 

 soms. Negleeta at Albany is the winter form. But two degrees farlher south, 

 or about New York city, the three primary winter forms abound in early spring. 



On the Pacific coast, the species is represented in part by individuals not dis- 

 tinguishable from Negleeta, viz.. Echo (Fig. 21), but more by Plasus, of which 

 Echo is a variety. In southern California there are two generations of the but- 

 terfly ; the first appearing in February and early March, the second last of April 



