166 THE ANNELIDES. <§i 155, 



testine, receives tlie excretory ducts of glandular appendages and is there- 

 .fore, more properly a stomach than an oesophagus/^''' With many, the 

 stomach and its appendages are wanting, but then the entire canal stretch- 

 ing directly across the cavity of the body has on both sides long analogous 

 appendages which sometimes consist of dilated sacs, so that these append- 

 ages have wholly the aspect of caeca /^"' 



III. Glandular Appendages. 



§155. 



The glands appended to the digestive canal of the Annelides may be di- 

 vided into the salivary and hepatic organs. The first of these are some- 

 times absent, but the last are never wanting. 



The organs regarded as salivary glands are attached either to the pha- 

 rynx or to the beginning of the intestinal canal. With the Nemertini, 

 they are absent. But with Sanguisuga, as abdominal salivary glands, 

 may be regarded the many groups of round corpuscles which surround the 

 commencement of the intestine, and whose excretory ducts open into it by 

 many orifices, after anastomosing together. ^^' With Lumbricus, there is 

 a long lobular body on each side of the pharyngeal tube which secretes a 

 whitish liquid, and which is analogous perhaps to an oral salivary gland. ^-^ 

 The four pairs of transparent vesicles, which, with Eiichytraeus, open at 

 the inferior extremity of the oesophagus, are possibly of the same nature. ^'^^ 

 With Siphonost omum, there are two riband-like caeca which pass along the 

 oesophagus and open separately into the oral cavity.'^' With many Dorsi- 

 branchiati, the commencement of the intestine has two glands of probably 

 a pancreatic nature.^''' It is difiicult to decide as to the hepatic or sali- 

 vary nature of the numerous and usually white appendages, which belong 

 to both sides of the whole alimentary canal of the Aphroditae. With Pol- 

 yno'c, these consist of six cylindrical, caecal, and sometimes bifid tubes, 

 lying between the muscles of the walls of the body.^''* 



With Aphrodite hystrix, there are twenty of these tubes on each side 



16 Nereis ; see Rathfc<{,De Bopyro et Nereide p. 4 Rathki, Danzig. Schrift, loc. cit. p. 87, Taf. V. 



35, Taf. II. flg. 7, 8. fig- 5, c. c. 



1!" With Aphrodite hystrix, and aculeata, the 5 With Nereis, these two salivary glands com- 



intestine has on each side twenty glandular append- municate by two narrow ducts with that portion of 



ages with long peduncles. In this last species, the intestinal canal which should be regarded as a 



these appendages are caeca also, for they have at stomach ; see Rathki, De Bopyro et Nereide, p. 



their extremities saccular dilatations filled with 38, Tab. II. fig. 7, g. 8. Grube has found these 



chyme ; see Pallas, Miscell. Zool. p. 85, Tab. VII. two appendages at the beginning of the intestinal 



fig. 11 ; Trcviranus, in his Zeitsch. f. Physiol, canal with Arenicola (Zur Anat. d. Kiemenwür- 



III. p. 162, Taf. XII. fig. 9, 10 ; and Milne Ed- mer, p. 6, Taf. I. fig. 1, 5, h.), and viüi Ammotry- 



waris, in Cyclop. Anat. and Phys. I. p. 169, fig. pane (Nov. Act. Aciul. XX. p. 197, Tab. X. fig. 



70 13, 19, h.). See also Milne Edwards, in the Ann. 



i Brandt, Mediz. Zool. II. p. 247. Taf. XXIX. d. Sc. Nat. X. 1838, PI. XII. fig. 1, j. (Nereis), and 



A. fi". 22, 23.* !'•• XIII. fig. 1, e. e. (Arenicola) ; and Wagner., 



2 Morren, loc. cit. p. 129, Tab. X. XI. (Lum- Icon. zoot. Tab. XXVII. fig. 18, g. g. (^Nereis).] 

 bricus terrestris). •' Grube, Zur. Anat. d. Kiemenwiiriner, p. 62, 



3 Henle, in Muller's Arch. 1837, p. 79, Taf. VI. Taf. II. fig. 13 (Polynoe squamata). 

 fig. 6, d. d. 



* [ § 155, note 1.] For the salivary glands of t f § 155, note 5.] For the salivary glands of 



Hirudinei, see Moquin-Tandon, loc. cit. Edit. Branchellion, see Leydig,Siebold und KollikeT''a 



1846, p. 108, PI. .X. fig. 4 (Hirudo medicinalis), Zeitsch. III. lift. 3, p. 315, and Quatrefaf^cs, Ann. 



PI. VI. fig. 11 (Uaemopis), PI. I. fig. 5 {Branch- d. Sc. Nat. XVIII. 1852, p. 296, PI. VI. fig. 3, c. 



tlUon). — Y.v. c— Ed. 



