^227. 



THE CEPHALOPHORA. 



259 



The testicular follicle and the deferent canal are lined with ciliated epithe- 

 lium, which, howev^er, is wanting in the ovarian follicle. 



The disposition of the various parts of the genital apparatus varies very 

 . much according to the families and genera of these hermaphroditic Cephal- 

 ophora. The two invaginated excretory ducts of the hermaphrodite gland 

 either pass to the base of the uterus, or the Vas deferens leaves the Ti/ba 

 Fallopii a little way from it, and passes in a tortuous course to the penis/^^ 

 In the first case, the Vas deferens leaves the Fallopian tube at the point 

 ■where it enters the uterus, and continues its course on the sides of this 

 organ, but as a semi-canal open upon its inner surface/^' 



In some genera, this semi-canal continues on along the vagina to the 

 genital cloaca,'*'^ while in others, it becomes a complete canal upon leaving 

 the uterus, and passes, after a longer or shorter course, into the penis/*^* 

 The Vas deferens has, at different points of its course, glandular or vesicular 

 appendages, which sometimes contain sperm. These may be compared, on 

 the one hand, to an Epididymis or Vesicula seminalis, and, on the other, to a 

 Glandula prostata. ^^'^ 



At the base of the uterus there is an Albumen-gland which is usually 

 tongue-shaped, and sometimes very long, being rolled up and bound together 

 by a cellular tissue so as to have a round form. The walls of this gland are 

 composed wholly of cells filled with drops of albumen which is undoubt- 

 edly used to envelop the eggs as they pass into the uterus. *''^ 



cit. p. 54, Tab. II. HI. fig. 5, 0. S.). He regarded 

 the testicular follicles containing spermatic par- 

 ticles in various degrees of development, as so 

 many Receptacula seininis ; and he attempted 

 to sustain this view, in erroneously supposing that 

 the spermatic particles could be produced in the 

 pouches of fecundation. As to the Heterubran- 

 •chia, H. Meckel (loc. cit.) has found this gland 

 •with the Nudibranchia {Doris, Tritonia, and 

 Thetis), the Inferobranchia {Diphyllidia), and 

 the Tectibranchia (Aplysia, Bul/aea, Doridium, 

 Umbrella, Pleiirohranchaea, Ga^teropteron). 

 Kölliker (Denkschrift, loc. cit. p. 40), beside confirm- 

 ing the existence of this gland in the marine Gas- 

 teropoda just mentioned, has also added the genera 

 Jfotarc/ius and Pleurobranchus. In the separ- 

 ated lobules of the ovary of a Tritonia figured by 

 Sars {JViegmann's Arch. 1840, I. p. 197, Taf. V. 

 fig. c), there can be easily recognized the her- 

 maphrodite gland, such as has been represented 

 ■with this animal by H. Meckel (loc. cit. Taf. XV. 

 fig. 14). According to Kölliker (Rhodope nuovo 

 gen. die Gasterop., in the Giornale dell' Inst. Lomb. 

 ■di Scienze, &c., XVI. Milano, 1847, fig. 2), the tes- 

 ticular and ovarian follicles are grouped separately, 

 the one above and the others below. 



•1 This last case is found with Thetis, Doris, 

 and Pleiirohranchaea (//. Meckel, loc. cit. Taf. 

 XV. fig. 1, 2, 5). The Vas deferens pursues a 

 similar course with the Apneusta, — at least with 

 Flabellina, and Rhodope, according to the com- 

 munication from Kölliker ; and, from Allman's 

 (loc. cit.) figure of that of Jctaeon, it may be con- 

 cluded that it there leaves the tube very high up 

 and passes to the penis. 



5 Prevost was the first to point out this half- 

 canal (Mtm. de Geneve, &c., V. p. 123, PI. I. fig. 

 12, II. fig. 3, and Ann. d. Sc. Nat. XXX.). 



* [ § 227, note 8.] This Prostate has been 

 well developed by Leidy (loc. cit.) with the ter- 

 restrial Gasteropoda. He regards it as belonging to 

 the male apparatus»,, notwithstanding its close con- 

 nection with the ovary, since, in Vaginulus, it emp- 



6 Aplysia, and perhaps also, Bullaea, Doridium, 

 &c. (see H. Meckel, loc. cit. Taf. XV. fig. 7). 

 With the Pteropoda, also, the Fas deferens does 

 not leave the female canal, until it reaches the 

 genital cloaca. 



7 The Pulmonata. 



8 With Helix pomatia, Aplysia camelus, 

 Tritonia ascanii, and Diphyllidia lineata. 

 there is a, Vesicula seminalis at the point where 

 the Fas deferens unites with the base of the uterus 

 (H. Meckel, loc. cit. Taf. XIV. fig. 8, d. XV. fig. 

 7, d. 12, c. 16, c). It yet remains to be determined 

 whether the dilatation upon the common excretory 

 duct of the hermaphrodite gland with the Pteropo- 

 da, belongs to the Vas deferens or to the Fallopian 

 tube. In the first case it would represent an epi- 

 didymis or a seminal vesicle ; in the second, perhaps 

 an uterus ; see Eschricht, loc. cit. Tab. III. fig. 25, 

 r.* {Clio), and Van Beneden, Exerc. zoot. loc. cit. 

 PI. I. et. seq. {Cymbulia, Hyalea, &c.). This last- 

 mentioned naturalist has simply, though errone- 

 ously, called this dilatation a testicle. A glandular 

 mass, similar to a prostate, surrounds the deferent 

 canal shortly after it leaves the oviduct, with Thetis, 

 Pleurobranchaea {H. Meckel, loc. cit. Taf. XV. 

 fig. 1, h. 5, f.), Lymnaeus stagnalis {Treviranus, 

 Zeitsch. f. Physiol. I. Tab. III. fig. 14, d, or Paasch, 

 in fViegmann's Arch. 1843, I. Taf. V. fig. 7, i.), 

 Bulimus radiatus. and Physa- fontinalia 

 {Paasch, Ibid. 1845, I. Taf. V. fig. 12 ni. 13, i.). 



According to Leuckart (Zur. Morphol. u. Anat. 

 d. Geschlechtsorg., 1847, p. 128), the hermaphrodite 

 gland ot^ the Gasteropoda has a common excretory 

 duct, and the eggs reach it bv passing through the 

 walls of the testicular follicles.* 



y This albumen-gland which formerly has been 

 taken, sometimes for a testicle, and sometknes for 

 an ovary (see above), has lately been designated 



ties solely into the Vas deferens. It is composed 

 of tortuous, tubular, simple follicles, lined with 

 short, thick, jiyramidal epithelia, which are 

 densely granular, and contain a round, nucleolated 

 nucleus. — Ed. 



