260 



THE CEPHALOPHORA. 



•§.227, 



The Uterus is 

 glandular walls; 

 often, also, it is 

 times insensibly 

 usually with the 

 culuvi semmis, 

 procreation.'^'^' 

 deverticuluni/"* 



very often a long, large canal, with transversely plicated 

 it is distinctly separated from the ensuing vagina,*^"' but 

 only a simple dilatation of the oviduct,*"' which is some- 

 continuous with the vagina/^-' This last communicates 

 excretory duct of a pyriform vesicle, which, as a Recepta- 

 is filled with fresh sperm directly after the epoch of 

 This vesicle has, moreover, sometimes a lateral, caecal 



as a muciparous or an uterine gland. It is tongue- 

 sliaped with nearly all the Pulmonata (see the 

 figures of Cuvier, Treviranu.i, ErdU Paasch, &c. 

 loc. cit.). It is a round, glandular body with 

 Thetis, Tritonia, Umbrella, and Gasteropteron 

 {H. Meckel, loc. cit. Taf. XV. fig. 1, 12, 15, 17). 

 According to Kolliker, there is with Rhodope, 

 and Lissosoma, a similar gland ainiexed to the 

 uterus ; and without hesitation I should pronounce 

 as of the same nature, the glandular body which 

 Allman (loc. cit. PI. VI. y.) has regarded as a tes- 

 ticle with Actaeon. With Doris, Aplysia, and 

 Diphyllidia, it is a twisted knotted tube {H. Meck- 

 el, loc. cit. Taf. XV. fig. 2, 7, 16).* ' 



10 Such is the case with the Pulmonata (see the 

 figures of Cuvier, Treviranus, Erdl, Paasch, 

 &c.). Undoubtedly the glandular walls of this 

 uterus secrete the calcareous crystals which incrust 

 the eggs of many Helicina (see Turpin, Analyse 

 microsoop. de I'oeuf du limaQon, in the Ann. d. Sc. 

 Nat. XXV. 1832, p. 426, PI. XV.), or which supply 

 the gelatinous substance enveloping in the form of 

 a cylinder or a disc the eggs of the Lymnaeacea 

 {Pfeiffer, Naturg. deutsch. Land-und Susswässer. 

 Mollusken. Abth. I. Taf. VII. VIII.). 



11 With the Pteropoda, the common excretory 

 duct of the hermaphrodite gland, before passing 

 into the vagina, has one or two dilatations, the 

 inferior of which corresponds perhaps to an uterus 

 (Van Beneden, Exerc. zoot. loc. cit. PI. III. fig. 

 18, e. IV. A. fig. 6, d. and B. fig. 4, d. Hyalea, 

 Cleodora, And Cuvierin). With Clio, Cymbnlia, 

 and Limacina, it is not yet determined whether the 

 dilatation which is here found belongs to the defer- 

 ent canal or to the oviduct, and therefore the name 

 of uterus cannot be given to it. 



12 The uterus is short and is directly continuous 

 with the vagina with the Nudihranchia, Infero- 

 branchia, Tectibranchia {H. Meckel, loc. cit. Taf. 

 XV.), and perhaps also with the Apneusta. I am 

 yet undecided if in this undeveloped uterus are 

 formed the envelopes which, in the form of a riband, 

 a cord, or a cajisule, surround the eggs of the Nudi- 

 hranchia, the Tectibranchia, and the Apneusta. 

 Thus with Aplysia, Doris, Tritonia, Aeolis, he, 

 their spawn has the form of a riband or cord ; and 

 with Glaucus, and Actaeon, it is wound in a 

 spiral manner al)Out various objects ; while with 

 Tergipes, it is attached to marine plants under the 

 form of kidney-shaped capsules with short pedun- 

 cles. With Tritonia, Aeolis, and Aplysia, there 

 is observed the remarkable fact that there are 

 several vitelluses each surrounded by an albumin- 

 ous layer, in one and the same envelope ; see 

 Sars, in IVie!;mann''s Arch. 18o7, I. p. 402, 1840, 

 I. p. 196, Taf. V.-VII. ; Fan Beneden, Ann. d. 

 Sc. Nat. XV. 1841, p. 123, PI. I. ; and Loven, in 

 Isis, 1842, p. 359. 



* [ § 227, note 9.] For the muciparous appa- 

 ratus with the Nudiliranchiata, see Alder and 

 Hancock, loc. cit. Part II. PI. IV. fig. 15, (Doto) ; 

 Part III. PI. VIII. fig. 2, g. g. (_Eolis); Part IV. 

 PI. V. fig. 8, i. (Eumenis) ; Part V. PI. II. fig. 7, 

 h. h. 'Doris); also Hancock, Ann. Nat. Ilist. VIII. 

 1851, p. 34, PI. III. fig. 6, g. {Antiopd). See also 



13 This Receptaculum seminis was formerly 

 designated under the name of pedunculated vesi- 

 cle ; although Treviranus regarded it as an 

 urinary bladder, and, with Arion, erroneously 

 assigued to it a communication with the kidney 

 (Zeitsch. f. Phys. I. p. 10). However, there caa 

 now be no further doubt as to its nature, for if its- 

 contents are examined sliortly after coition, they will 

 easily be found to consist of fresh sperm containing- 

 fully-developed, active, spermatic particles. Later 

 than this, when the eggs have been deposited for a 

 time, the sperm will be found to have lost its fresh- 

 ness, and to have changed into a viscous granular 

 substance of a reddish or brown color, containing 

 sometimes traces of dead, rigid spermatic particles. 

 The resemblance of this matter then to excrement 

 is, without doubt, the reason why this organ has 

 been compared to an urinary bladder, or con- 

 founded with the sac for purple (kidney) of other 

 Cephalophora. 



With the Pteropoda, this organ is a pyriform 

 vesicle with a short peduncle, — at least with Clio 

 (Eschricht, loc. cit. Tab. III. fig. 25, s. ), Cym- 

 bulia, and Limacina {Fan Beneden, Exer. zoot. 

 loc. cit. PI. I. fig. 17, d. V. fig. 12, A., where this 

 organ is figured as a sac for purple). The Ap- 

 nuesta, also, have a sac for fecundation ; at least I 

 can give no other name to a long-pedunculated^ 

 pyriform vesicle which Nordmann (loo. cit. p. 49, 

 Tab. II. Ii., III. fig. 5, b. d.) has described as a 

 testicle with Tergipes ; and so much the more as 

 he always found perfect spermatic particles, and 

 not developing seminal cells. 



The pedunculated vesicle with its semi-liquid 

 contents, which Allman (loc. cit. p. 152, PI. VI. d'.), 

 has observed with Actaeon, is also a Receptaculum 

 seminis. 



According to Kolliker, this organ exists also- 

 with Flabellina, and Rhodope, as a pedunculated 

 vesicle communicating with the lower extremity of 

 the vagina. The excretory duct of tliis organ is 

 short with Thetis (Cuvier, loc. cit. fig. 7, c. ; 

 Delle Chiaje, Descriz. loc. cit. Tav. XLVII. fig. 

 1, s.), Aplysia (Cuvier, loc. cit. PI. IV. y ; Delle 

 Chiaje, Memor. loc. cit. Tav. IV. fig. 1, p.), and 

 Plenrobranchaea (H. Meckel, loc. cit. Taf. XV. 

 fig. 5, n. fig. 1, q. 7. o.). It is longer with Scyl- 

 laea. Bulla, liullaea (Cuvier, loc. cit. fig. 5, 1. fig. 

 10, i.), Doridium, Tritonia, Umbrella, Diphyl- 

 lidia (H. Meckel, loc. cit. Taf. XV.), and Notar- 

 chus (Delle Chiaje, Descriz. loc. cit. Tav. LXIV. 

 fig. 5, n.). In the Pulmonata, this peduncle is 

 very long with Helix, and Clausilia ; less so, with 

 Lymnaeus, Plnnorbis, Bulimus, and Physa^ 

 an<l pretty short with Limax, Arion, ami Suc- 

 cinea (see the figures of Cuvier, fVohnlich, 

 Treviranus, Erdl, and Paa.ich, loc. cit.).t 



14 This deverticulum exists with many Helicina. 



De St. Simon (Observations sur I'organe de la. 

 Glaire des Gast^ropodes terrestres et fluviatilos, in 

 the Jour, de Conchol. 1853, p. 1) ; this author is 

 very minute in his details on the color, form and 

 size of this organ, with these animals. — Ed. 



t [ § 227, note 13.] This receptacle is the organ 

 called genital bladder by Leidy, and which he 



