<^ 258. THE CEPHALOPODA. 295 



•wide apart, in the region of the base of the branchiae.''^ When there i& 

 only a single oviduct, it terminates always on the left side.*''' With most 

 of the Octopoda, the oviducts, at near the middle of their course, traverse 

 a round glandular body, the internal surface of which is longitudinally pli- 

 cated ; from this point to their extremity, they are covered with analogous 

 glandular folds.'"* • This glandular body is absent with the Loligina, but the 

 walls of their oviduct become thick and glandular before terminating.*^' It 

 is very probable that this glandular apparatus furnishes the materials of the 

 various envelopes of the eggs after their escape from the ovary. 



There is another peculiar glandular apparatus (Nidamental glands) hav- 

 ing no direct« connection with the genital organs, which consists of two hol- 

 low, pyriform, whitish bodies, situated upon the ink-sac of the female Loli- 

 gina. These bodies have a lamellated structure and their ol)tuse extremity 

 extends forwards ; they open near the genital orifice.'"' Sometimes, 

 directly in front of these glands, there is another gland, simple or double 

 (accessory nidamental gland), of a reddish color, lobulated posteriorly, com- 

 posed of coeca, but apparently without any excretory duct.*^*" This whole 

 glandular apparatus secretes, perhaps, a substance with which the eggs are 

 coated as they pass from the oviduct, and which serves to glue them to 

 foreign bodies. 



The deposited eggs (spawn) are always surrounded with envelopes and 

 prolongations of various forms, by which they are bound together and 

 attached to submarine bodies. Thus, those of Sepia are enclosed, each, in a 

 black, oval capsule, composed of several horny layers, which is prolonged 

 at one of its extremities into a short, cleft peduncle, by which the eggs are 

 attached, singly or in groups, to marine plants;*'^' but those of the Loligina 

 are united by a colorless gelatinous substance into a chaplet, and are 

 enclosed, moreover, each, in a special capsule one of the extremities of which 

 has a small peduncle ; thus arranged, they form large masses floating free 



5 With Octopus, Eledone, Tremoctopus, and sac, loc. cit. Octopus, PI. XV. fig. 9, 10.; Mayer, 



Lolis:o sas:ittata, there are two oviducts ; see Analekten, Taf. V. fig. 1, g. h. {Octopus] ; Delle 



Cuvier, Mtm. PI. I. fig. 1, q. q. PI. II. fig. 1, r. r.; Ckiaje, Descriz. Tav. XV. fig. 1, n. Tav. XVI. fig. 



yiayer, Analekten, Taf. V. fig. 1, i. i. f f.; Ferns- 6 ; and Warner, Icon. zoot. Tab. XXIX. fig. 20, n. 



soc, loc. cit. Octopus, PI. XV. fig. 2, 1. 1.-, Carus, n. {Tremoctopus and Eledone). 



HrlJiutemngstaf. lift. V. Taf. II. fig. 7, h. h.; 8 This is so with Lolif;o, Sepia, Sepioteuthis, 



Wasner, Icon. zoot. Tab. XXIX. fig. 20, m. m.; Sepiola, kc. ; see Owjeii, Trans, kc. II. p 121, 



Owen, Trans, of the Zool. Soc. II. p. 121, and PI. XXI. fig. 18, e. (ßo.9.9(a). With Nautilus, the 



Cyclop. I. p. 55S. With Argonauta, these two very short oviduct has glandular walls in its wliole 



oviducts are very long and flexuous ; see Delle extent {Owen, loc. cit.). 



Ckiaje, Descriz. Tav. XIV. fig. 1, z. n.; and Van U See Swammerdamm,B[b. d Natur, p. 3.54, Taf. 



Beneden, loc. cit. PI. V. fig. 1, 2; Ferussac, loc. LII. fig. 10, g. g.; Brandt, loc. cit. p 310, Taf. 



cit. Argonauta, PI. I. * fig. 2, s. s.* XXXII. fig. 25, k. 1., fig. 28^1 {Sepia) ; Delle 



G Such is the case with Nautilus pompilius Chiaje, Mem. IV. p. 102, and Descriz. I. p. 37, 



{Owen, loc. cit.), Loligo vulgaris {Carus, Er- Corpi adiposi, Tav. LVIII. (12), fig. 10, a,, 11, e.; 



läuterungstaf. lift. V. Taf. II. fig. 10, m. !.), Sepia Peters, in Muller's Arch. 18i2, p. 335, Taf XVI. 



officinalis, Sepioteutkis, Rossia, &o. According fig. 6, f. f. {Sepiola) ; Owen, Trans, of the Zool 



to Rathk^ (Mem. d. St. Petersburg, loc. cit. p. 161, Soc. II. PI. XXI. fig. 18, g. g. {Rossia) 



PI. II. fax. 10. p. q.), the simple oviduct of Loli- M With Sepia, and Sepiola, this gland is single, 



gnpsis patses directly to the posterior part of the and divided l)y deep fissures into three lobes (see 



body and terminates at the ventral median line the figures cited in the preceding note, and Owen. 



between the two fins. Trans. &c. loc. cit. PI. XXI. fig. 19, 20) ; with 



It is, however, desirable that this remarkable Loligo, and Rossia, it is double, and each is di- 



excejJtion to the general rule should be confirmed vided into two lobes {Owen, Ibid. PI. XXI. fig. 18. 



by oJher anatomists, for Grant (loc. cit.) is wholly h. h.). 



silent upon the course of the oviduct in the females 11 Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. du Mus. d'llist. Nat. I. 



of Loligopsis which he examined. 1832, p. 153, PI. VIII. fig. 1-4 ; Carus, ErUiuter- 



7 With Octopus, Eledone, and Tremoctopus, ungstaf lift. III. Taf II. fig. 16 ; Owen (Cyclop, 



each oviduct has such a glandular enlargement, loc. cit. p. 560, fig. 244), and KölLiker, Entwickel, 



but it is entirely wanting with Argonauta ; see &c. p. 14. 

 Cuvier, Mem. p. 32, PI. IV. fig. 6, g.; Ferus- 



* [§ 258, note 5.] See also Milne Edwards, Regne aaim. loc. cit. PI. 1*. 1'. n. {Octopus). — 'Eo. 



