356 



THE CRUSTACEA. 



§ 293. 



Chilopoda, also, the ovary is a single long tube, but extends from before 

 backwards and terminates by a short oviduct in the last segment of the 

 body. The Receptaculum seminis consists, here, of two ovoid capsules^ 

 sessile or pedunculated, and inserted upon the sides of the extremity of the 

 oviduct. Into this last, moreover, just before its termination, long excre- 

 tory ducts enter from the two to four Glandulae, sebaceae, which furnish 

 probably the viscous coating of the eggs. ''''' 



III. Male Crustacea. 



§ 293. 



The males of the Siphonostoma often differ very much from the females, 

 not only as to their external form, but also in their smaller size, — their 

 development being arrested at a very early period. On this account, some 

 are still unknown, and the organization of others is not understood. ^'^ 



With the Caligina, however, they have received more attention, for in> 

 size they are scarcely smaller than the females. Their posterior abdominal 

 segment, which, usually, is not as large as that of the other sex, has, at its 

 extremity, two genital openings, side by side. No testicles or excretory 

 canals have yet been observed, but it may be inferred that their external 

 form and their disposition are analogous to those of the oviducts. ^-^ 



But with Dichelestium, the male organs are better known. The two> 

 spheroidal testicles, and the somewhat tortuous Vasa deferentia of these 



There has been the same misapprehension and 

 changing of opinion on the subject of the position 

 of the external genital openings. According to 

 Treviranus, and Brandt (loo. cit.), they should 

 be situated, with Julus and Glomeris, at the pos- 

 terior extremity of the body ; but LatreiUe (Hist. 

 Nat. d. Fourmis, 1802, p. 385) had before indicated 

 their true position with Polydesmus, and Savi 

 (Isis, 1823, p. 217) has confirmed this with Julus. 

 Brandt (Recueil, loc. cit. p. 154) has since recti- 

 fied his error in respect to Glomeris. But Stein 

 has treated with most detail tlie subject of the geni- 

 tal openings with Julus and Glomeris, as well as 

 their seminal receptacles (Muller^s Arch. 1842, p. 

 246, Taf. XII. fig. 12, and Taf. XIII. fig. 15. See, 

 also, my observations. Ibid. 1843, p. 9). 



ly For the female genital organs of Lithobius 

 and Scutigera, see L. Dufour (loc. cit. p. 89, PI. 

 V. fig. 1, 4) who regards the two stalkless Recep- 

 tacula seminis of Lithobius as a reservoir of the 

 four Glandulae sebaceae, and with Scuti^era, as 

 the Glandes sibacies themselves. I cannot now 

 say whether these last organs are wanting in Scu- 

 tigera, or whether they escaped the attention of 

 this naturalist. Treviranus (Verm. Schrift. II. 

 p. 28, Taf. V. fig, 8) has very well observed the 

 simple ovary with its appendages of Lithobius ; 

 but he di<l not recognize the use of these last. 

 Kutori^a (loc. cit. p. 8, Tab. I. fig. 5) has not been 

 more fortunate with the female genital organs of 



Scolopendra. Those of Scolopendra morsitans- 

 represented by Müller (Isis, 1829, p. 550, Taf. II. 

 fig. 5) are probably the male organs. Stein (loc. 

 cit. p. 2.39, Taf. XII. fig. 2, 8) has described very 

 accurately these organs wich Lithobius., and Geo- 

 philus. This last has two long-pedunculated semi- 

 nal receptacles, and only two very long Glandulae 

 sebaceae. 



1 Nordmann (loc. cit. p. 76, &c., Taf. V. VIII. 

 IX. X.) was the first to discover some of these 

 small male Crustacea which are nearly ahvay» 

 attached to their females in the neighborhood of 

 the genital openings. He observed them witlt 

 Achtheres, Brachiella, Chondracanthus, and. 

 Anchorella. But with an individual of the first 

 of these genera only, he found in the posterior part, 

 of the body, four round masses, which perhaps 

 may be the internal genital organs. Burmeister 

 (Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XVII. p. 320) refuses to 

 recognize these small males for the above-men- 

 tioned Siphonostoma, while Kroyer (Natur. 

 Tidskr. 1. PI. III. or Isis, 1840, p. 710, Taf. I. 

 Tab. III.) sustains the opinion of Nordviann witlii 

 cogent arguments, and has described and figured 

 several of these males belonging to Lernaeopodd 

 and Lernaea. See also the descrijjtion of Chon- 

 dracanthus published by Rathki, Nov. Act. Nat. 

 Cur. XX. p. 126, Tab. V. fig. 13. 



2 See Kroyer, Naturh. Tidskr. I. PI. VI. or 

 Isis, 1841, p. 104, Taf. I. Tab. VI.* 



* [ § 293, note 2.] Dana (Caligus, loc. cit. 

 Amer. Jour. Sc. XXXII. p. 261, also. Report. 

 Crust. &c. p. 1344) has observed, with Caligus, a 

 well-formed mide apparatus. Here, the testicle 

 (and the ovary, also, is the same) consists of a large 

 pyriform btxly of an internal glandular appearance, 

 and continuous into a duct extending the whole 



length of the thorax into the abdomen where it 

 passes into the seminal organs. Described more 

 particularly, the testicles are rather larger than the 

 buccal mass, and are situated just anterior to the 

 stomach, in part beneath the base of the preheijsil» 

 legs, and the spine of the preceding pair. — Kd. 



