426 



THE INSECTA. 



IS. 



Ledra ; and witli Cicada, it penetrates even under the muscular tunic of tliis 

 ante-stomach/-^^ With the Pentatomidae, and some Coreidae, there is even 

 a third stomach, quite remarkable, consisting of a very narrow, slightly- 

 flexuous canal, on which are inserted two or four rows of closely-aggregated 

 glandular tubes.'-"' The ileum and colon are nearly always fused into a 

 jiyriform pouch, upon which is sometimes inserted a kind of lateral cae- 

 cum.'-'* With the Cicadidae, however, the ileum is distinct, narrow, and 

 nearly always very long and flexuous. 



The Diptera have a sucking stomach with a more or less long peduncle, 

 inserted upon one of the sides of the short, small oesophagus. This pedun- 

 cle accompanies the stomach even into the abdominal cavity, where it ter- 

 minates in a pouch whose thin walls are composed solely of delicate muscular 

 fibres. This pouch is oblong or round, and often divided, heart-shaped, by 

 a deep fissure. '-**> The proper stomach is always long and intestinoid, 

 except at its anterior extremity, where it is often dilated. It is situated 

 in the abdominal cavity and makes many convolutions. In some families, 

 only, there are two lateral caeca inserted near its cardiac extremity. ^-"^^ The 

 ileum is small, of median length, and is succeeded by a pyriform colon. 



The Lepidoptera, which, in their perfect state, live only upon the juices 

 of flowers, suck up this kind of food by means of a thin-walled, sucking 

 stomach, situated at the anterior extremity of the abdominal cavity, and 

 opening by a short peduncle into the posterior extremity of the small, long 

 oesophagus.''^* The stomach is pretty long and large, often varicose, and 

 always straight. The ileum is long, small, and nearly always forms several 



2.5 See Ramdohr, loc. cit. Taf. XXIII. fig. 3 ; 

 Suckow, loc. cit. Taf. VII. fig. 138 ; and L. Du- 

 four, loc. cit. PI. Till, or Ann. d. Sc. Nat. V. 

 1825, p. 157, PI. IV. It was formerly thought that 

 the second stomach of Ciccula opened into the ante- 

 stomach, but the true relation of these organs has 

 been pointed out by Doyere (Ann. d. Sc. Nat. XI. 

 1839, p. 81, PI. I.) and confirmed by L. Dufour 

 (Ibid. XII. p. 287). The annular stomach of Dor- 

 tkesia and Psylla is probably arranged in the 

 same manner ; see L. Dufour, Reoherch. &c. loc. 

 cit. PI. IX. fig. 108, 110. 



-'6 There are four rows of these glands with 

 Pentatoma, and Tetyra, and two, only, with 

 Syromastes, and Coreus ; see Ramdohr, loc. cit. 

 p. 189, Taf. XXII. fig. 3, 4 i i. Dufour, Recherch. 

 kc. p. 21, PI. I. II. 



These two authors have taken these rows of 

 glands for transverse-plicated semi-canals. Tre- 

 viranus (Annal. d. Wetterauisch. Gesellch. &c. I. 

 Hft. 2, p. 175, Taf. V. fig. 4) is still more mistaken 

 in taking the four rows in Pentatoma rufipes, for 

 as many adjacent, but distinct intestinal tubes. 



'S Coreus, Pelos^onus, Ranatra, and Nepa. 



28 The sucking stomach is simple with the Tipuli- 

 dae, and Leptidae ; it is cordate with the Tabani- 

 dae, Syrphidae, and Muscidae ; see Ramdohr, and 

 Suckow, loc. cit. ; Treviranus, Verm. Schrift. 

 II. p. 142, Taf. XVXI. ; and L. Dufour, Ann. d. 

 Sc. Nat. I. 1844, p. 376, PI. XVI. fig. 12. 



29 With the Tabanidae, thi'se- two caeca point 

 forwards ; but with the Leptidae and Bombylidae, 

 backwards ; and with the Syrphidae, there are 

 four of them, varicose, two pointing forwards 



and two backwards. The Diptera fill this sucking 

 stomach with liquid (honey, blood, &c.), or solid 

 (pollen-grams) substances, but which, certainly, are 

 only there deposited without being changed, for 

 the walls of this organ do not present the least 

 traces of a glandular structure. It is, moreover, 

 remarkable that the Pulicidae and the Hippobosci- 

 dae, which feed exclusively on animal juices, have 

 a kind of crop at the posterior extremity of the 

 oesophagus, but no trace of a sucking stomach ; 

 see Ramdohr, loc. cit. Taf. XXI. XXIII. (MelO' 

 pha^us and Pulex), also L. Dufour, Ann. d. Sc. 

 Nat. VI. 1825, p. 303, PI. XIII. fig. 1, and III. 

 1845, p. 69, V\. II. fig. 13 {Hippobosca and Meto- 

 phagus). With Pulex, the crop is provided with 

 large cilia on its mternal surface, and thus resem- 

 bles a gizzard. 



30 See Sivamm.erdam.Tn Bib. der Nat. Taf. 

 XXXVI. fig. 1 (Vanessa urticae) ; Treviranus, 

 Verm. Schrift. II. p. 103, Taf. XI., and Annal. d. 

 Wetterauisch. Gesellsch. III. Hft. 1, p. 147, Taf. 

 XVI. {yanessa. Sphinx, and Deilephila) ; Suck- 

 ow, loc. cit. Taf. IX. fig. 161 (Yponomeuta) ; and 

 Newport, Cyclop, loc. cit. fig. 430, 431 (Sphinx 

 and Pontia). This sucking stomach is double 

 with the Zygaenidae {Raindohr, loc. cit. Taf. 

 XVIII. fig. 1) ; it is wholly wanting with the Ile- 

 pialidae, liümbycidae,and in general all the imago 

 Lepidoptera which do not eat. See Treviranus, 

 Verm. Schrift, loc. cit. p. 107, and Annal. d. 

 Wetterauisch. Gesellsch. loc. cit. p. 158, Taf. XVII.; 

 and Lyonet, M6m. du Mus. XX. p. 20S, PI. XIX. 

 fig. 10.* 



* [ § 338, note 30.] See, also, for the intimate 

 structure of the intestinal canal and its append- 

 ages of Bombyx mori (both larva and imago), Vil- 



ippi, Annali della R. Accad. d'agricoltura di To- 

 rino, v., or yViegmanri's Arch. 1851, Th. II. p. 

 217. — Ed. 



