xxiv PJii/sical and Geofjnosiic Suggestions^ 



pronounce Indrapura (11,500 feet, but this measurement is 

 very uncertain), and Gunung Pasoman (9010 feet), the 

 Ophir of our maps, to be utterly unknown geologically. The 

 highest of the Java volcanoes is Gunung Semeru (11,480 feet), 

 ascended by Junghuhn in 1844, 1220 feet higher than the 

 Etna. The largest craters of the 45 which are disposed in a 

 line along the shores of Java, are Gunung Tengger, and 

 Gunung Raou. Dr. Junghuhn has recently given the outlines 

 of each separate volcano in his splendid topographical and 

 geological map of Java, in four sheets, published in 1856, 

 which does great credit to the Dutch Government. 



The following subjects are worthy of special attention 

 while the frigate is at Java. 



1. The curious phenomenon of the ribbed surface. (Vide 

 Junghuhn, Java, Part II., p. 608.) 



2. The disposition, as yet unaccounted for, of a series of 

 regularly-sliaped hills, formed by the mud-streams ejected in 

 the year 1822 by the volcano of Gunung Galungung. {Vide 

 ut supra, pp. 127-731.) 



3. The ejection of water by the Gunung Idjcn, on 

 21st January, 1817, (pp. 707, and 717-121). 



4. The erroneousness of the assertion that the volcanoes 

 of the Island of Java do not emit streams of real lava. 



It must be admitted that the mighty Javanese volcano, 

 Gunung Merapi, already alluded to, has not, within the 

 historic period, presented any coherent compact streams of 

 lava, but mere fragments and boulders; although in 1837, 



