hj Alexander von Ilumholdt. xli 



3949 toises (25,257 feet), andlllimani at 3753 toises (24,004.), 

 and accordingly both as much more lofty than Chimborazo, 

 which is 3350 toises (21,426 feet) — the best starting-point 

 would be the port of Arica, which may be reached, sailing 

 the whole distance against the cold current, from Guayaquil, 

 after a short stay at Callao de Lima. Of the volcanoes of 

 Peru and Bolivia only three are now active. 



(a.) The volcano of Arequipa, three miles N.E. of the town 

 of the same name, which, according to Pentland and Rivero, 

 is situated about 7366 feet above the level of the sea. The 

 measurements of M. Dolley, of the French navy, which were 

 published under my superintendence, give the summit of the 

 volcano as 10,348 feet above the town of Arequipa, so that 

 its total elevation above the sea would be 17,714 feet. In 

 the table of heights for Mrs. Somerville's " Physical Geo- 

 graphy," Mr. Pentland speaks of the summit as being 20,320 

 English feet in height, or 19,065 Paris feet, closely approxi- 

 mating to the old trigonometrical measurement (19,080 feet) 

 given by Thaddeus Haenke, a Bohemian, who accom- 

 panied the expedition of Malaspina, in 1769. What a 

 deplorable state for the science of hypsometry to be 

 in! which the Novara ought to put an end to. Samuel 

 Anzon, a North American, in 1811, and Dr. Weddell, in 



1847, have ascended the volcano of Arequipa. 



(6.) Sahama (18° 7'S.), according to Pentland's new map of 



1848, is 871 feet higher than Chimborazo (which he gives as 

 20,970 feet), and is still active. The true heights of Illimani 



