172 Voyage of the Novara. 



as the views therein expressed exactly coincide with our own 

 impressions.* 



So long as the unoccupied lands are not surveyed, laid out in 

 lots, and sold at a small rate to the settler, as, for instance, in 

 the United States; so long as the immigrant is unable to improve 

 for himself his own plot of ground, but must remain a mere 

 field-labourer, working for some foreign master, according to 

 the iniquitous Parceriay or half-profits system ;t so long as the 

 expense of transport of the emigrant is to be worked ofi^ by 

 future payments out of his labour, so long must every friend 

 of humanity strongly dissuade the emigrant from proceeding to 

 the great South American Empire. 



For Brazil, beautiful, fertile, and abounding in undeveloped 

 natural wealth, two alternatives are alone open at present — 



* H. Handelmann's " Histoiy of Brazil" (Berlin, 1860), a remarkably profound 

 and instructive work, devotes a special section (p. 933) to the subject of German 

 emigration, and gives a very copious and complete insight into the various missions 

 and works since 1819 to the present day, which treat of German emigration and 

 colonization. 



+ The modem Brazilian system of Parceria may be shortly stated as that by 

 which a planter engages in Eiirope such of the poorer classes as are desirous of 

 emigrating, and has them transported at his own cost to Brazil, where thej^ ai-e 

 engaged as farmers, mth half profits, upon the coffee and sugar plantations, and 

 contracting to reimbiu-se liiin, by their personal services and labour, for the 

 outlay he has been at for their transport, maintenance, instruction, &c. Until all 

 these have been repaid by the improvement in the rent or productive powers of the 

 land, they must remain, as working out their emancipation from the lord of the soil, 

 veritable " adscripti glebtr." After that has been attained they are fi-ee people, and 

 may leave if they please, or may sink into the rank of "unattached labourers," 

 which implies their assigning half of the net produce of the land to the ground 

 landlord, the remauung half being their remuneration for labour. Proprietorship 

 in the soil is never attainable by these farmers on half profits, inasmuch as tlie 

 Pai'ceria system can only exist where tlie soil is already exclusively vested in a 

 plauLiug aristocracy. (See Handelmann, etc., p. 508). 



