i6 THE SEAS 



can only be done by a resident staff. For the collection of 

 specimens and water samples, there is a converted steam 

 drifter (Plate 97) and a powerful motor boat manned by 

 appropriate crews. As many as forty workers can be 

 accommodated in the researcn laboratories which are 

 equipped \\-ith experimental tanks with circulating sea 

 water, and there is a very fine library. 



To describe the many other marine stations whicn are 

 dotted round the coasts of Europe would be a long business. 

 In this country, the Ministry of Fisheries has a large labor- 

 atory at Lowestoft for the investigation of problems 

 concerned with fish and a smaller one at Conway for the 

 study of shellfish ; there are marine stations at Port Erin 

 and Cullercoats attached to the Universities of Liverpool 

 and Durham respectively, while in Scotland is the marine 

 laboratorv^ of the Fishery Board at Aberdeen and of the 

 Scottish Marine Biological Association at Millport on the 

 Clyde. 



In spite of her sparse population, Norway has produced 

 a great volume of valuable oceanographical research, a fact 

 which is explained by the overwhelming importance of 

 her fisheries. The principal marine stations are at Bergen 

 and Trondhjem, the latter being ideally situated for 

 research on deep water life, for the steamer attached to 

 the station is able to dredge in the fjords to depths of over 

 500 fathoms. Sweden possesses a delightfully situated 

 station at Kristineberg on the Gullmars Fjord in the 

 Kattegat, consisting of a stone winter laboratory, a wooden 

 one for summer use, and a number of houses for the accom- 

 modation of the staff and visitors. The Danish biological 

 station has its headquarters at Copenhagen but the staff 

 move about in the research steamer. The Germans possess 

 a station well situated on the Island of Heligoland, the 

 Dutch one at Helder at the mouth of the Zuider Zee, while 



