First Introduction of the Cinchona Tree. 227 



Laiiiengan eject only masses of liquefied rock and scoriae, 

 cemented by the heat, but the regular lava currents have 

 never been observed." 



While Dr. Hochstetter was occupied with this excursion to 

 the active crater of Gedeh, the remaining members of the 

 Expedition had reached Tjipodas at the foot of this fire- 

 mountain, where, at an elevation of 4400 feet above sea-level, 

 and at an annual average temperature of 63°. 5 Fahr., the 

 first attempts were made to acclimatize in Java the valuable 

 quinquina tree [Cinchona sp.). 



Although for twenty years past the introduction into Java 

 of the cultivation of the quinquina tree, the bark of which is 

 of such superlative importance for suffering humanity, had 

 been repeatedly tried, this praiseworthy intention was only 

 successfully carried into effect in 1852, through the purchase 

 of a specimen of Cinchona Calisaya from the Jardin des Plantes 

 at Paris by the then colonial minister of the kingdom of the 

 Netherlands, M. Pahud, afterwards Governor-general of the 

 Dutch East Indies. M. Pahud had the plant brought to Ley- 

 den with the utmost care, whence it was conveyed to Rotter- 

 dam for shipment to Batavia, Immediately on its arrival this 

 plant, the progenitor of all that have been grown since, was 

 placed in what is called the Governor-general's strawberry 

 garden in Tjipodas, where it was protected by a bamboo 

 shed from rain and sun, and at the time of our visit was 16 

 feet high. Dr. Hasskarl, widely renowned as a botanist, 



was, on the recommendation of Dr. Junghuhn, who had him- 



Q 2 



