286 Voyage of the Novara. 



It was not till a fifth expedition had started in 1565, 

 forty-one years after the first discovery of the Archipelago 

 by Magelhaens, that the conquest was finally completed. 

 The leader of this was Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, a man no- 

 ways inferior to a Cortez or a Pizarro in venturesomeness 

 of spirit, inflexible perseverance, and brilliant courage, and 

 in humanity far exceeding either. His squadron consisted 

 of five ships, and his entire force, including soldiers and 

 mariners, was but 400 men. 



On 21st November, 1564, Legaspi sailed from Port Na- 

 tividad in Spain, and on 16th February, 1565, hove in sight 

 of the Philippines. The hardy navigator was accompanied 

 by a number of Augustinian monks, who in tlie subsequent 

 subjugation of the islands proved far more serviceable than 

 his soldiers. The superior of these monks. Fray Andres de 

 Urdaneta, a very remarkable man, had commanded a ship 

 in the first expedition, and had afterwards been admitted 

 into the order of St. Augustine. 



Four years after their arrival at the Philippines, and after 

 they had subdued the native inhabitants of the fertile islands 

 of Cebu and Panay, Legaspi first discovered Luzon, and there 

 in the year 1571 founded the city of Manila. Since this 

 first conquest the Spaniards have by no means been permit- 

 ted to retain undisturbed possession of this smiling cluster 

 of islands. Not alone the Portuguese and the Dutch bestir- 

 red themselves at various intervals to drive the Spaniards 

 out of the Archipelago, but the English likewise, in 1762, 



