24 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



at its outer anterior border. The distance from the second to the tliird 

 ganglion is effected in a siniihir manner. The fourth ganglion is but little 

 removed from the third, being in fact nearer to it than the latter is to the 

 point of greatest divergence of the ribbons in advance of it ; it is sometimes 

 situated in the middle of its segment as in Euphoeades, sometimes at its 

 anterior edge as in Anosia and Eurymus ; sometimes wholly within though 

 at the posterior edge of the last thoracic segment, as in P][)argyreus ; 

 between the third and fourth ganglia the ribbon is straight, sliglitly longer 

 than broad, broader than at any point posteriorly, and its separation into 

 two cords is not readily seen, though in Euphoeades it can be determined 

 here as throughout the whole length of the cord. Behind this the ganglia 

 are nearly equidistant (u}) to those of the seventh abdominal segment) and 

 connected by a straight double ribbon, scarcely broader than either one of 

 the cords between the second and third ganglia, and which is seen to be 

 double only by the slight divergence of the cords in advance of each gan- 

 glion as they enter it. The last ganglion is situated in the seventh abdo- 

 minal segment, just posterior to the preceding, and these two, of which the 

 eleventh is the larger, either appear almost to coalesce at their adjoining 

 edges, or they do completely coalesce, as in Euphoeades and Epargyreus. 

 From the second abdominal segment backward, the nervous cord does not 

 come in direct contact with the alimentary canal, but considerable fatty 

 tissue is interposed between them ; in advance of this, however, the reverse 

 is the case, the fatty tissue appearing as if strapped in its place between 

 the nervous cord and the integument by the branches of the former. 



Frt>m each side of each abdominal ganglion two lateral nerves are 

 emitted, the anterior at right angles, the posterior in a slighty posterior 

 direction and soon forking, and at their bases the two are connected Ijy a 

 delicate filii:- Besides these a lateral thread springs from each side of the 

 main commissures just in front of the ganglia, and is sometimes almost 

 transferred, as in Euphoeades, to the ganglion itself. In the thoracic seg- 

 ments there is a similar arrangement of nerves, but in the first ganglion 

 only the anterior lateral nerve is present, and it is directed forward ; the 

 third ganglion on the other hand follows the rule of the abdominal ganglia, 

 while in the second, the nerves are confluent at their origin, directed at 

 right angles outward, and almost immediately diverge at right angles to 

 each other, one forward, the other backward. In addition to the lateral 

 nerves, the terminal ganglion is furnished with two pairs of longer and 

 stouter posterior nerves, reaching into the hinder segments, the outer cords 

 trending somewhat outward. 



Glandular system. The glandular system consists of only a single 

 pair of vessels having an independent outlet at the surface of the body : 

 these are the vessels for the secretion of silk ; their outlet is upon the labium ; 

 and from this point l)ackward they consist, first, of a delicate thread or 



