CLASSIFICATION OF BUTTEUFLIKS. 57 



At the time of his death, Fahrieius had in press a general 8vstcma 

 glossatoruni, but only the unpublished proof-sheets remain , an abstract, 

 however, was given in Jlliger's magazine (1.S07) in which the butterflies 

 were divided into forty-one genera, but no higher divisions were proposed. 

 The sequence of his genera, however, shows that he liad scarcelv altered 

 his former serial arrangement, and such changes as he did introduce were 

 not for the better. 



Latreille made changes in classification in nearly all his numerous works, 

 so that it is necessary to follow him closely. In his Genera crustaceorum 

 et insectorum (180!)) he divided butterflies into two families, Papilionides 

 and Hespcrides, including in the latter only the Ilesperidae of modern 

 authors, with two genera, one of which has since been separated from the 

 butterflies ; the first family included eleven genera, extensively divided into 

 unnamed sections, to which he attempted to refer the Fabrician i>enera. 

 The series began with the Nymphalidae, of which he first i)laced the 

 "Satyri" at the head and continued with Cethosia, Heliconius and Danaus ; 

 following with Papilio, Parnassius and Colias, it closed with Erycina and 



Polyonunatus, one representing the Lemoniinae the other the Lycaeninae. 



The general arrangement, therefore, does not differ from that of his earlier 



work nor from that of Cuvier's Tableau. 



In the following year however (Considerations generales) he changed 



the relative position of these genera of Papilionides materially, but not for 



the better. Beginning with the genera of Papilionidae he continued with 



those of Pierinae and then of the Euploeinae ; after this followed those of 



the Xymphalinae and Satyrinae, and finally, as before, those of the 



Lycaenidae. 



Leach was the first English author who attempted a careful classification 



of butterflies; in the Edinburgh Encyclopaedia (1815) he published the 



following scheme, for his Section Diurna : — 



Trihel. F( (pill OH ides. Fam. 2. Lycaenida [Tliecla. Lycaona]. 



Fain. 1. Papilionida [Papilio, Parnas- Tribe II. Hesperides. 



sins, Pierifi, Colias, Gouepteryx, Ar- Fain. 1. Urauida. 



gyiinis, Melitaea, Yanessa, Hipparcbia, " 2. Hesperida. 

 Liinoiiitis. Apatura]. 



The general sequence of genera given in Latreille's then last jniblished 

 work was followed and the opposition of the skippers to the other butter- 

 flies still maintained, but the butterflies with onisciform larvae were first 

 recognized as a family grou[). 



Another entirely new and peculiar classification was attempted by 

 Iliibner somewhere between 180(5 and 1810* in his much discussed Tenta- 

 men, in which Phalanx I. Papiliones was divided as follows : — 



*Hubiior states, in the first century of his and I have so quoted it. where neeessary, in 

 Zutraj,^ (1818), that it was published in 1800, this work. 



