KEY TO THE FAMILIf:S. 107 



a. Tmrif/o of .small size and delicate stnictiiro. Front of head between the eyes 

 iiuicli narrower than liijrh. Eyes not projecting beyond the general contour of the 

 head, notilic<l on tlie inner margin, to give room for the antennal sockets. Anten- 

 nae including the club straight. Metathorax only slightly separated from the meso- 

 thorax. Median cell of fore wings closed by a weak vein; median nervure of hind 

 wings with three branches; the inner margin never plaited. Forelegs witli no 

 tibial epiphysis, sexually heteromorijhous, the tai'si of the male being more or less 

 atrophied. Dorsal margin of tlie eighth abdominal segment of male entire. Upper 

 organ of male genitalia with long, slender, strongly curved, lateral appendages. 

 E(/(/ tiarate or hemisi)herica!, and more or less d(!eply reticulate, C'aterpillor at 

 birth, so far as known, furnished with numerous long, tapering hairs and with naked 

 chitinous aniuili, both arranged in longitudinal series. Mnture caterpillar, so far as 

 known, either oniseiform. suljonisciforni, or cylindrical ; the body furnished with 

 scattered coarse and scant pile, among which are some serially disposed bristles or 

 fasciated hairs; or in some exotic forms with stout fleshy processes longitudinally 

 disposed. C'/)r>/salis usually short and stout, always bluntly rounded in front, the 

 body rarely furnished with projections, and these invariably rounded. Mediumgirth 

 always close to the l)ody at all points, the ventral surface of the body lying in a 

 nearly uniform plane. Crcmaster not at all or but slightly protuberant, the hooks 

 inferior or apical. (A single exception occurs in Feniseca, but here the cremastcr 

 is broader than long and the hooks wholly inferior.) Fam. II. — Lycaenidae. 



b. Imagn of medium or large size. Front of head between the eyes as broad as 

 high. Eyes prominent, not infringed upon by the antennal sockets. Antennae 

 straight, or, especially the club, sinuate. Metathorax markedly separate from 

 the mesothorax. Median cell of fore wings closed by a strong vein; median ner- 

 vure of hind wing with three or four branches ; the inner margin sometimes plaited. 

 Fore legs of both sexes as complete as the other pairs, sometimes with an epiphysis 

 on the inner side of the tibiae. Dorsal margin of the eighth alidomiual segment of 

 male notched or produced to a hook. Upper organ of male genitalia with no lateral 

 processes. Egg subglobular and smooth, or very much elevated and vertically 

 ribbed and trellised; (oue known exception occurs in Parnassius, in which it is 

 tiarate, but where, in contradistinction to the Lycaenidae, it appears to be overlaid 

 with raised polygonal plates). Galerpillar at birth, so far as known, furnished 

 with longitudinal series of clubbed or forked hairs or with prickly tubercles. 

 3Iature caterpillar cylindrical or enlarged anteriorly, covered with very short pile 

 (in some exotic forms with long hairs), mostly arranged in transverse rows, or 

 with rather infrequent and irregularly distributed microscopic hairs, and often also 

 with series of fleshy tubercles or tilaments, or glabrous, scarcely elevated lenticles^ 

 Chriisalia elongate, uuimucronate or blmucronate in front, generally with numerous 

 angular projections. Median girth often free from the body for a consider- 

 able part of its course by the ventral extension of the wing sheaths, the \ entral 

 surface of the body being generalh' bent more or less strongly near the middle. 

 Creniaster strongly protuljcrant and free, the hooks apical 



Fam III. — Papilionidae. 

 II. Imago of small or medium size, usually robust, with rather small wings. Head in a hori- 

 zontal plane, the tongue being inserted opposite the middle of the eye or even higher. Anten- 

 nae widely separated at the base, the space between them more than equalling half the vertical 

 diameter of the eye, the tip of the club more or less distinctly pointed and recurved. Eyes 

 usually overhung at the outer base of the antennae by a curving pencil of bristly hairs; the 

 cornea extending over almost the entire ocellar globe. Almost invariably the front tibiae have a 

 foliate epiphysis on the inner side, and the hind tibiae a middle pair of spurs iu addition to the 



