114 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



vicinity ; while those whose terniinal segment is distinctly l)ifi(l, the Saty- 

 rinae, Apaturidi and Morphinae, are also brought into immediate juxta- 

 position. It also brings together those groups in which the segments are 

 subdivided into a large number of sections, where the sculpture of the 

 head is frequently reinforced by extensive processes to match the bifid 

 caudal extremity, and where the body clothing consists never of spines but 

 always of coarse and exceedingly abbreviated bristles, seated on papdlae so 

 numerous and large as to give the body a granulose appearance, or else, as 

 in Caligo, by more or less fleshy processes, comparable to those found in 

 the Nyniphalidi. On the other hand, by placing the Euploeinae either 

 at the head of the series or immediately above the Xymphalidi, we disturb 

 to a considerable degree the symmetry of the serial arrangement based 

 upon the larval clothing and the division of the segments, as well as on the 

 brush-like character of the fore legs, while neither position would accurately 

 represent the relative range of these groups, if based Avholly upon the 

 mere atrophy of the fore legs. In a serial arrangement, therefore, it is best 

 to place the Eujjloeinae and the Heliconinae (the only essentially tropical 

 groups among those mentioned above, w^hich are considered in this work 

 immediately above the Libytheinae, with the understanding that in the entire 

 range of their characters they rank nearly as high as any Nymphalidae. 



The reasons for placing the Libytheinae at the end of this family rather 

 than at the head of the next will be discussed under that subfamily. 



Table of subfamilies of N>jmphalinae, based on the ei/g, 



Eyg half as high agahi as broad, vertically ribbed. 



Egg scarcely narrowing at base, the ribs but little prominent Euploeiuae. 



Egg narrowing distinctly at base, the ribs prominent. 



Egg narrowing very much more above than below some Argyiinidi. 



Egg subfusiform, narrowing about equally alcove and below Libytheinae. 



Egg much less than half as high again as broad, usually but slightly higher than broad, ribbed, 

 or reticulate. 

 When ribbed, the ribs at least twice as elevated above as below, sometimes wanting l>elow; 



w^hen reticulate, heavily reticulate, the angles of reticulations tilamentous 



Nymphalinae (excl. Chlorippe). 



When riljlx>d, the ribs of about ei/ual height above and below; when reticulate, delicately 



reticulate or almost smooth, never tilamentous Satyrinae, ChJorippe. 



Table of subfamilies, based on the caterpillar at birth. 



Cuticular appendages of body few and mostly ranged. 



Ranged appendages club-shaped or larger at some point before the tip than at a previous 



point. Head much larger than the thoracic segments Satyrinae. 



Ranged appendages simple, tapering hairs, sometimes scarcely clubbed at tip. Head not 

 much larger than thoracic segments. 

 Ranged appendages not larger than the segments (in New England species). 



Some papillae or other prominences of the body much larger than others. 



Eighth abdominal segment with a pair of special large papillae 



Euploeinae. 



All papillae of eighth abdominal segment of usual size NymphaHdi. 



All papillae of equal or subeipial size Apaturidi. 



Ranged appendages nuich larger than the segments most Nymphalinae. 



Cuticular appendages of body numerous, not ranged, forming a short i)ile Libytheinae. 



