116 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NP:W ENGLAND. 



clothin.i;' nearly all in a vertical plane, giving it the appearance of considerable com- 

 pression. 



Thorax moderately slender, compressed, upper surface greatly vaulted, especially in 

 the middle; anterior sides of mesoscutellum slightly hollowed, forming together 

 about a right angle ; posterior curve the sometimes angulated arc of a circle a little 

 Ijeyond the centre of which is the apex of the piece. Metascutellum having nearly 

 as great a superior as a posterior face, and forming a transverse piece, a))out twice as 

 broad as long and as broad as the distance of the posterior angles of the metascuta 

 apart. Metascuta moderate, protuberant in the middle beloAV. 



Fore wings produced somewhat at the apex to a well rounded angle, generally 

 slightly full at the outer border, which is seldom angulated or even Avavy ; costal 

 nervure greatly sAvollen at the base (in all American genera), terminating a little 

 beyond the middle of the costal border ; first and generally also the second superior 

 branches of the subcostal nervure arising just before the apex of the cell, the other 

 two at some distance beyond; the inferior branches are much as in the Nymphalinae; 

 discoidal cell usually at least half the length of the wing, closed by distinct veins ; 

 median nervure often swollen at the base, the branches equidistant, the first arising at 

 the middle of the cell, the last at its tip, which curves toAvard the subcostal nervules ; 

 submedian nervure sometimes swollen at the base ; internal nervure Avanting. Hind 

 Avings not greatly smaller than the fore Avings, broadly rounded, generally Avitliout 

 tails, angles, or more than slight crenulations ; inner border forming a gutter for the 

 reception of the abdomen ; costal nervure terminating at about the middle of the outer 

 half of the costal border ; subcostal nervure taking its rise ai)parently as a dependent 

 of the costal nerA'ure (not so conspicuously so in Oeneis), its loAver branch curving 

 strongly at base toAward the median; cell closed by a slender vein, connecting the 

 loAver subcostal nervule just Ijeyond its initial curve to the last branch of the median 

 at its curve, directed outAvard from the subcostal toAvard the median nervule ; the 

 branches of the median nervure arise further from the base of the Aving than the 

 corresponding ones of the subcostal nervure, the terminal one curving to receive the 

 vein closing the cell ; sul)median nervure terminating at the anal angle ; internal ner- 

 vure terminating at about the middle of the inner border.* 



Forelegs very small, variable in division and armature; the male tarsi consist of 

 a single joint, somethnes divided by sutures into from three to five unarmed articula- 

 tions; in the female they are divided into four or five joints, sometimes unarmed, 

 sometimes Avith apical spurs and sometimes Avith scattered spines only. Male abdomi- 

 nil appendages : upper organ provided Avith a hook as long as or longer than the centrum 

 and generally as long as or longer than the clasps ; also, Avith a pair of slender, taper- 

 ing, backAvard directed appendages on the sides ; clasps pretty long and slender, at least 

 four times as long as broad, tapering on the apical half and generally becoming very 

 slender. 



Egg. Sul)spherical, flattened at the base, and rounded, though usually slightly flat- 

 tened at the summit; the sides full and broadest beloAv the middle, usually in the 

 middle of the loAver half ; covered either Avith very inconspicuous cells or Avith very 

 numerous, delicate, longitudinal ril)s; surface minutely granulose. Micropyle com- 

 posed of minute angular cells, increasing a little in size outwardly and separated by 

 delicate raised lines. 



Caterpillar at birth. Abdomen tapering very slightly and regularly from in front 

 backAvard, the last segment often shoAving little or no sign of its subsequent bifurcation. 

 Body furnished above, on either side, either Avith tAVO roAvs, or Avith a double roAv, of 

 clubbed appendages, one placed anteriorly and one posteriorly on each segment; the 

 sides Avith another roAv, formed of a single appendage, placed centrally above the 

 spiracles of each segment, and, beneath, another double roAv, its members not quite in 

 a line — all seated on papillae. 



* A very anomalous dijstrilnitiun of the veins margins, is shown by Wood-Mason to occur 

 of the fore-wing, both at the costal and inner in the Indian genus, Tarantirrhaea. 



