THK CLOrillXC of CATKPvriLI.AHS. 161 



cent, tlic head nmiid and eijual, and both head and l)()dy green and 

 furnished with scveial longitudinal, eontinuous stripes of lighter and 

 darker green ; the last segment is l)rieHy and slenderly forked. The 

 chrysalis is well rounded, has an alar ridge, angulate ocellar prominences, 

 and a rapidly tapering, pointed, non-carinate al)domen. 



EXCURSUS Il. — THE CLOTHING OF CATERPILLARS. 



And wiiiit's a luillcrlly-' At Ix'st, 

 He's l)Ut a caterpillar, drest. 



Joiix (Aw.— The Butterfly and the Snail. 



'Vwv. a[)pi'ndages of caterpillars are simply special developments of the 

 cuticle. Almost without exception they are arranged in longitudinal series 

 along the body, Init sometimes, especially where the segments of the body 

 are divided into a large niunber of transverse di\'isions by creases in the 

 skin, they are also arranged in transverse rows across the bodv. As a 

 general rule, however, the latter arrangement is subordinate to the former, 

 although many naturalists, studying their disposition separately on each 

 joint of the body, have described them as if the transverse arrangement 

 were the more important. That this is not so is plain from the fact that 

 in the longitudinal series, where they are on separate pieces, they are clearly 

 aligned, which is very often not the case when on one and the same piece 

 they are viewed transversely. 



This special development of the cuticle may take form in various ways. 

 The sim[)lest of all and the most universally distributed, even the only cloth- 

 ing of considerable groups, is that of minute papillae, hardly visible except 

 by artificial aid. These pa[)illae are usually of a conical shape, though 

 sometimes more or less hemispherical, and generally support a hair ; or 

 they may take the form of simple, lenticular, blister-like, naked elevations, 

 as in many Papilioninae, where they are often highly colored or gleam with 

 a metallic lustre. Sometimes the papillae are smooth, naked and hemi- 

 si)herical, the base surrounded by a ring of color giving them the appear- 

 ance of ring-like spiracles, scattered over the body in definite series. 

 These are found only, as far as I know, on the caterpillars of the Lycae- 

 nidae, and then only in their earliest stages. But in many other caterpillars 

 the papillae are developed as large, roughened, wart-like prominences, often 

 themselves covered \\ ith sid)ordinate papillae or with bristles, as in some 

 Nymphalidae and the earliest stages of some Papilioninae. Again such a 

 wart or tubercle may be considerably prolonged and bristle with rough 

 projections or paj)illae all along its surface, as in the full grown caterpillars 

 of the Nvmi)hali(li, the most striking instance of which in our fauna is 

 found in Basilarchia eros of tiie southern states. 



