170 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



they had risen just as our horse's head was directly opposite them and 

 wafted by the wind across our track, sank drowsily to the earth the other 

 side. The trees were from eight to ten feet high and about twenty feet 

 distant, and no butterflies were seen to leave the trees at any much higher 

 or much lower level than five feet nor any from the ground. They were 

 doubtless started from sleep by the tremor of the ground. 



Dr. C. S. Minot notes of the postures of these butterflies that when 

 alighting they rest on the upper surface of leaves ; that when walking the 

 leo-s move alternately, the antennae pulsate in the same way and the wings, 

 held vertically, keep up a quivering motion ; the antennae divaricate about 

 50° while raised at a general angle of about 10°, though this is difficult to 

 determine as the tips droop and the whole cur-ses with an upward convex- 

 ity ; the tips of the fore wings are vertically above the tip of the abdomen. 

 When at rest the outer margins of all the wings are pressed together. 



Desiderata. As this butterfly is frequently confounded with C. nepliele 

 our information is insuflficient concerning its northern boundaries in New 

 Eno-land ; the comparative abundance of the tAvo forms should be noted in 

 every possible locality between the forty-third and forty-fifth parallel of 

 latitude. The determination of its precise relation to C. nephele is the 

 most important and the most exacting question to solve. Whether it 

 would be possible to breed the forms in such a way that the parentage may 

 be determined on both sides is yet to be decided. It would seem to be 

 quite possible, for they have been known to pair in captivity (Can. ent. 

 xviii : 17). If it can be done, the relation of the tw^o forms can and 

 should be determined. If not, it will be difficult to bring conclusive evi- 

 dence ; but in any case the experiment should be tried in the belt where 

 both are found. The precise places sought by the young larva in hiberna- 

 ting should be discovered, and the amount of difference — apparently a con- 

 siderable one for so late a bvitterfly — in the time of its first appearance in a 

 o-iven locality in different years determined. Some eggs hatch a month 

 earlier than others ; is there any advantage or disadvantage in this to the 

 caterpillar tiiat will eat nothing until the next spring ? What parasites 

 affect the life of this insect ? 



LIST OF ILLUSTBATIO NS.—CEB(JYONIS ALOPE. 



General. Imago. 



PI. 18, fig. 3. Distribution in N. America, PI. 1, fig. 2. Female, both surfaces. 



Egg. 6. Male, upper surface. 



PI. 67, fig. 1. Micropyle. 11:8. Both surfaces. 



Caterpillar. 33:1. Male abdominal appendages. 



PI. 70, fig. 6. Caterpillar at birth, . 52 : 1. Side view, with head and appeu- 



74: 18. Fullgrowiv caterpillar. clages enlarged, and details of thestruc- 



78 : 12. Head, first stage. ture of the legs. 



13. Head, third stage. 61:26. Papilla of spiral tongue. 

 . 86:39. Dermal appendages of first stage. 



