SATYlllNAE: NEONYMPHA PHOCION. 203 



We see, therefore, a regular progression from the lower to the higher 

 butterflies, in the loss, first, of the cocoon, next, of the girt; and, as if this 

 were not enough, some of the highest buttei-flies (among the Satyridae) 

 have even lost the last remnant of silk and fallen to the ground, where, 

 amid stubble or in crevices in the ground, tliey imdcrgo their transforma- 

 tions without more ado. In one instance, as we have seen, the stubble 

 about them is caught together to form a semblance of a cocoon, in which, 

 however, the chrysalis is found wholly unattached, with its anterior 

 end uppermost, a directly opposite position to that in which the Xym- 

 phalidae generally are found. Now, as if to show that this suspension of 

 the chrysalis by the tail alone is a stage beyond that of hanging by the 

 tail and girth, we have a clear proof that all these Suspensi (Xymphalidae) , 

 as Boisduval happily calls them, have passed through the stage of the 

 Succincti (Lycaenidae, Papilionidae) , in the fact that the straight ventral 

 surface of the abdomen, assumed perforce by the Succincti, when they left 

 the cocoon stage and became attached to hard surfaces, still remains in the 

 chrysalis of most brush-footed butterflies, where it no longer serves any 

 purpose ; as clear and striking an indication that the Suspensi outrank the 

 Succincti, as that the pupa is higher than the larva. 



What sort of arguments were formerly used by a certain class of specu- 

 lat^^■e philosophers may be judged from the following passage published 

 fifty odd years ago, in which the author maintains an opposite thesis : 



"The chrysalis of the [typical] butterfly, the pre-eminent type of annulose animals, is 

 fixed with its head upward, as if it looked to the pure regions of heaven for the enjoy- 

 ment it is to receive in its last and final state of perfection ; but the clu-ysalis of the 

 brush-footed butterflies, whose caterpillars are stinging, is suspended with the head 

 downward to the earth, thus pointing to the woi'ld, as the only habitation where its 

 innumerable types of evil are permitted to reside; or to that dark and bottomless 

 region, where punishment awaits the wicked at their last great change." (Swainson, 

 Geogr. and class, auim., p. 248. London, 1835.) 



NEONYMPHA PHOCION.— The Georgian satyr. 



Fapilio phocion Fabr., Entom. syst., iii: N. A., 74 (1862);— Edw., Can. ent., xiv: 163- 



218-219 (1793). 166 (1882) ;— French, Butt. east. U. S., 237-238 



Neonympha pkocion Westw.-Hew., Gen. (188.5). 



diuru. Lep., ii: 37.5 (1851). Euptychia areolata Butl., Proc. Zool. soc. 



Euptychia phocion Butl., Catid. Satyr. Brit. Lond., 1866, 498-499 (1866). 



mus.,37 (1868). Oreas fimbriata helicta Hubii., Samml. 



Megisto phocion Scudd., Sy.st. rev. Amer. exot. schmett., Lep. i, Pap. i, Xyniph. viii, 



butt., 7 (1872). Oreades F., timbriatae c (1806-19). 



Papilio areolatus Smith-Ahb., Lep. ins. Neonympha helicta Hubn., Verz. schmett., 



Ga., i: 25-26, pi. 13 (1797). 65 (1816). 



ISatyrus areolatus Mo\in\.-heQ.,hi^.A.mtv. Papilio Abb., Draw. ins. Ga. Brit. 



sept., pi. 63, figs. 5-8 (1833). mus., vi : 27, figs. 54-55. 



Neonympha areolatus Weatw.-Hew., Gen. Figured l)y Glover, III. N. A. Lep., PI. A, 



diurn. Lep., ii : 375 (1851) ;— Morr., .Syn. Lep. fig. 24; pi. E. fig. 1 ; pi. F. fig. 12, ined. 



