THE SUBFAMn.Y NY^IPHALINAE. 223 



the abdomen, the chib distinct, nsnally pretty long and not very broad; palpi rather 

 stout, tufted pretty heavily with scales and hairs. 



Thorax usually pretty stout, not compressed, the upper surface "well rounded, not 

 gi'eatly elevated ; anterior sides of mesoscutellum sliglitly lioUowed, together form- 

 ing a rigiit angle; i)osterior border bluntly angnlated at a little more than a right angle; 

 metascutelluin very inconspicuous, formed of a trianglar piece facing posteriorly, the 

 apex only appearing al)o\e and rounded; metascuta well developed, moderately tumid. 



Fore M'ings usually produced to a considerable degree at the apex and generally 

 moi'e or less emai'ginate along the middle of the outer border ; seldom pointed at the 

 tip, sometimes angulated. Costal nervure usually terminating about half way between 

 the tip of the cell and the oi;ter border; two superior subcostal nervules usually 

 emitted before the tip of the cell, the other two subsequently ; first inferior subcostal 

 uervule arising very close to the principal vein ; the second at a variable distance below 

 this, from the branch which helps to close the cell; discoidal cell less than half the 

 length of the wing, sometimes open, but usually closed al)ove by strong, below by slen- 

 der veins ; median nervules equidistant, the first arising not far from the middle of the 

 cell, the last curving toward the subcostal nervure ; internal nervure wanting. 



Hind wings rounded or angulated, the outer border often crenulate or tailed; inner 

 border always aft'ording a gutter for the reception of the abdomen. Costal nervure ter- 

 minating at the upper outer angle of the wing ; lower subcostal nervule curving at 

 base toAvard the median ; discoidal cell either entirely open, or closed by a delicate vein, 

 uniting the basal curving portion of the last subcostal nervule to the origin of the middle 

 median nervule, directed outward from the subcostal toward the median nerAiire ; the 

 base of the last median nervule curving toward the subcostal beyond the cell ; sub- 

 median nervure terminating at the anal angle ; internal nervure terminating near the 

 middle of the outer half of the inner border. 



Fore legs greatly atrophied in the male, less so in the female ; in the former the 

 tarsi consist of a nearly or quite undivided joint, unarmed, although sometimes ter- 

 minated by a single conical projection having the semblance of a spine, but in reality 

 forming a joint; in the female, composed of five joints, all but the last furnished at 

 the tip beneath with a pair of short spurs; claws of moderate size, falcate; parony- 

 chia and pulvillus usually present. 



^lale abdominal appendages much stouter than in the Satyi'inae ; upper organ of vari- 

 able size, never provided Avith lateral appendages, the hook and centrum generally of 

 equal length. Clasps large, broad and tumid, seldom tapering much apically, furnished 

 ■svith an upper apical or basal process, emitted from the edge or the outer surface, and 

 often with an upward directed , free or attached finger on the inner side of the clasp. 



Egg. Either subglobular and then reticulate and filamentous ; or barrel-shaped, dis- 

 tinctly higher than broad and then vertically rilibed, the ribs usually higher near the 

 summit than on the sides, and sometimes confined to the upper half. There seem 

 to be no characters here not shared with other subfamilies of Nymphalidae. 



Caterpillar at birth. Usually furnished with long hairs arising singly from a 

 moderate numljer of warts, distributed over the body in regular, longitudinal rows, 

 but sometimes with very short hairs arising from very frequent, regularly distributed 

 warts. 



Mature caterpillar. Head furnished with long hairs ai'isiug from scattered warts, 

 or with elongated spiniform tubercles. Body nearly cylindrical, T'arely not distinctly 

 moniliform, equal or tapering behind, or sometimes in front; or if swollen unusually 

 in any part, such prominence is restricted to single segments and is never massed in 

 two or more adjoining segments. Body either (infrequently) pilose or armed above 

 the spiracles with from three to seven longitudinal rows of spines or conspicuous 

 tubercles, and below the spiracles with one or two additional roAvs on either side; ter- 

 minal segment occasionally bifid, but usually with a large, but not greatly elevated 

 posterior median tuberosity. Body either striped longitudinally, or with slender 

 transverse bands at the extremities of the segments, or blotched with small, generally 

 irregular markings, having a tendency to a linear longitudinal arrangement. 



