228 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



Table of tribes, based on the chrysalis. 



Head projecting independently beyond, and distinct from, the thorax. 

 Base of wings with only a single tubercle. 



Mesonotum with no special median prominence Apatviridi. 



Mesonotura with a prominent, median, compressed tubercle Nymplialidi. 



Base of wings with a pair of tubercles, the second directly below the highest point of 

 mesonotum. 



Cremaster long, slender, tapering Vanessidi. 



Cremaster short and stout Argynnidi. 



Head forming a single mass with the thorax Melitaeidi. 



Table of tribes, based on the imago. 

 Antennal club long and slender, hardly more than twice as broad as the stalk, gradually incras- 

 sated. 

 Club with three inferior carinae ; precostal nervure of hind wings arising beyond the part- 

 ing of the costal and subcostal nervures ; two rows of spines on under side of last tarsal 



joint ; clasps of male abdominal appendages with no interior finger Apaturidi. 



Club with four inferior carinae ; precostal nervure of hind wings arising opposite the part- 

 ing of the costal and subcostal nervures ; four rows of spines on under side of last tarsal 



joint; clasps of male abdominal appendages with an interior finger Nymphalidi. 



Antennal club short and stout, three or more times as broad as the stalk, more or less abruptly 



incrassated. 



Club with three distinct and complete carinae ; second superior subcostal uervule of fore 



wing arising before the tip of the cell ; two rows of spines on under side of last tarsal 



joint (excepting Vanessa, which has four) ; last fore-tarsal joint of ? armed with a pair 



of spurs ; male abdominal appendages closely concealed by the terminal segment 



Vanessidi. 

 Club with only a single complete carina, or none ; second superior subcostal nervule of 

 fore wing arising at or beyond, rarely before, the tip of the cell ; four rows of spines on 

 under side of last tarsal joint; last fore-tarsal joint of $ unarmed ; male abdominal appen- 

 dages exposed. 

 Club svibspatulate, about twice as long as broad ; palpi large and bushy, the last joint 

 extremely short ; tibiae and tarsi clothed with spines above ; upper organs of male 



abdominal appendages large Argynnidi. 



Club about three or four times as long as broad ; palpi long and slender, compact, the 

 Last joint from half to a third as long as the middle joint ; tarsi destitute, and tibiae 

 nearly destitute of spines above ; upper organ of male abdominal appendages small. 



Melitaeidi. 



TRIBE APATURIDI. 



EMPERORS. 



Apaturides Boisduval ; Apaturidae Newman ; Argonautae Cramer. 



Apaturae Butler. Thysanuriform stirps (pars) Horstield. 



Papiliones versicolores Wiener Verzeichniss. Paphianae Swainson. 



Above the sovereign oak, a sovereign skims. 



Crabbe. 



Imago Head : club of antennae generally long, but pretty clearly marked, slightly 

 depressed, with three inferior and interior carinations on the naked portion. Palpi 

 moderately slender Avith compact vestiture, together forming a conically pointed beak ; 

 terminal joint very small. 



Thorax : second superior subcostal nervule of fore wings sometimes arising before, 

 sometimes scarcely beyond, the tip of the cell, the base of the third sometimes carried 

 far back; cell open or closed; when closed, the vein closing it strikes the median 

 nervure beyond its second divarication. Precostal nervure of hind wings originating 



