NY.^irilALIXAK: THE TRIBE APATURIDI. 229 



beyond the parting of tlie costal and subcostal ; cell open or very feebly closed. No 

 androconia. Tibiae and tarsi destitute of spines above, but with a single row of spines 

 on the upper portion of the inner surface ; two rows of spines on the under surface of 

 the terminal tarsal joint, the outer rows being absent. Fore tarsi of female composed 

 of five joints, all armed apically with similar spurs ; apical joint in male armed with a 

 single terminal hook or spine. 



Abdomen : appendages of male much simpler than in tlie other tril)es ; upper organ 

 small, simple, with a small central hook, sometimes notched. Clasps very large, simple, 

 ovate, l)earing a slight appendage at tiie tip and witliout the interior linger. 



Egg. Compact, subglobular, of nearly e<iual iieighth and Ijreadth, furnished with 

 many vertical ribs of no great elevation and equal throughout. 



Caterpillar at birth. Head uniform, of about the width of the body; the latter 

 covered witli ranged, equal and minute papillae, bearing simple hairs, not longer than 

 the width of the body, or even the length of the segments. 



Mature caterpillar. Head much larger tlian succeeding segment, armed above with 

 two or more stout generally very conspicuous thorns. Body cylindrical or sublima- 

 ciform, tapering toward either extremity, sometimes much larger and even al)rupt at 

 the anterior end of the abdominal area, the terminal segment generally ending in a 

 pair of tapering points, as in Satyrinae ; surface covered only Avitli minute granulations 

 arranged with more or less regularity, bearing exceedingly short hairs. Abdominal 

 segments divided by transverse creases into generally four, sometimes five sections, of 

 which the anterior is the largest, the others subequal. 



Chrysalis. Head projecting beyond and distinct from the thorax. Base of the 

 wings with only a single rounded tubercle ; dorsum of mesothorax regularly rounded 

 and uniformly cariuate ; dorsum of abdomen sometimes strongly carinate, sometimes 

 not, but without conspiciaous longitudinal carinae or tubercles on separate segments, 

 but sometimes Avith a transverse carina on fourth segment; creraaster conspicuous, 

 of very variable form. 



This is a somewhat anomalous or aberrant tribe of the Nymphalinae, 

 showing, at least in its early stages, many marked affinities to the Satyri- 

 nae. The egg for instance differs from those of all other Nymphalinae 

 with vertical ribs, in that these ribs are not more elevated in the upper 

 than in the lower half; the caterpillar at birth is clothed like the Euploeinae 

 with comparatively short hairs, but all the papillae upon the surface are 

 of similar character and size : the mature caterpillar strikingly resembles 

 the Satyrinae in the clothing and general form of the body, and even gen- 

 erally though not universally in the bifurcation of the terminal segment, 

 80 characteristic of the Satyrinae. The chrysalis again is unlike that of 

 the Nymphalidi, to which the imago is certainly more nearly allied, in that 

 it possesses no conspicuous discontinuous prominences such as tubercles, 

 and on the other hand sometimes has a mediodorsal carina like the Liby- 

 thaeinae, sometimes a transverse abdominal carina like the Euploeinae or 

 some Melitaeidi. 



The butterflies are mostly of a dark color, although dull yellow and 

 tawny tints are often. seen on the upper surface of the wings ; the under 

 side is almost ahvays pale brown, enlivened by darker and brighter mark- 

 ings, which often take the form of ocellated spots ; the wings are generally 

 somewhat falcate, indicating a strong and vigorous flight ; many of the 

 species are particularly fond of elevated positions and as a rule are accus- 



