234 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



studded with hooks, by means of which the chrysalis attached to the under surface 

 of any object may lie with its ventral surface parallel to the plane of support, al- 

 though unfurnished with a median girth. 



This genus appears to be confined to the southern United States, 

 Mexico, the West Indies and perhaps the western coast of South America, 

 — each having its peculiar species. In Europe it is replaced by the allied 

 genus Potamis, but on the Pacific slope of North America, at least 

 within the limits of the United States, even the tribe appears to be 

 wholly wanting. In the eastern United States the genus is represented by 

 several species, two of which seem to occur side by side in nearly all 

 localities, but only one of which has been found so near New England 

 as to be properly admitted to this part of our work. The butterflies are 

 of medium size, their fore wings somewhat produced at the apex, the outer 

 margin sinuate ; the outer margin of the hind wings is also sinuate in the 

 male but rounded in the female. They are more or less dark tawny col- 

 ored above, varied with fuscous and pinkish brown below and furnished 

 on the hind wings with a submarginal series of rather small, sometimes 

 ocellate rounded spots ; sometimes a large spot is similarly situated on the 

 lower half of the fore wing, previous to which is a sinuate series of pale 

 markings crossing the middle of the outer half of the wing. 



The species are single or double brooded, sometimes dimorphic but not 

 seasonally dimorphic, and the winter is passed in the larval state after the 

 second or third moult. The caterpillars are more or less gregarious in 

 early life, but afterward live separately on the upper surface of leaves in 

 slight concealment, made by causing the sides of a leaf or bunch of leaves 

 to curl so as to leave them exposed only above. Swarms of one of our 

 species appeared in the southern states in 1887. 



The eggs are subglobular but flattened at base and depressed at summit, 

 with numerous, rather coarse but straight, vertical ribs, and are laid in 

 larger or smaller clusters, varying with the species. 



The caterpillars at birth have a regularly rounded head without coronal 

 tubercles, and a body of about the same width with longitudinal series of 

 minute papillae, one to a segment in each of the three rows on either side 

 above the spiracles, each emitting a short hair. 



The mature caterpillars have a bristling head much larger than the seg- 

 ment behind it, with large and stout coronal tubercles, having coarse long 

 spinules and a frill of curving, coarse and long spines ; their body tapers 

 either way from the middle, and is shagreened and striped longitudinally 

 and obliquely. They feed on Ardisia, Celtis, Cascaria, etc. 



The chrysalids are strongly compressed and dorsally carinate, with a 

 very high abdomen and lesser but distinct mosonotal arch, the ocellar 

 tubercles not very long, trigonal, slender and pointed, the ventral surface 

 straio-ht and the cremaster of excessive length, its ventral ridges armed 



