NY.MniALINAE : CHLORIPPE CLYTON. 247 



grown, marked generally by the third moult ; they cluster upon the leaves 

 and fall with them to the groimd, and in spring make their way again 

 from the ground to the tree ; the catcrj)illars heconie full grown by the 

 end of May and later in West Virginia, hang in chrysalis for about ten 

 days, and appear on the wing in June, the males earliest ; or, being de- 

 layed by slower growth, some may not appear before July ; the eggs are 

 laid early in July, hatch in eight or nine days and the larvae feed in company 

 until the time for hibernation arrives, when, huddled together in companies 

 of five or more on a leaf whose surface they have covered with silk and 

 thereby curled somewhat, they change with the leaf to a brownish or 

 vinous color and drop Avith it to the earth ; or in Mr. Edwards's opinion, 

 who thinks that such larvae perish, they may hide in the ample crevices of 

 the rough bark of the hackberry. Mr. Edwards believes there is only one 

 brood in West Virginia. Mr. Riley speaks of no diiference between the 

 seasons of this species and C, celtis, which feeds upon the same plant, is 

 very frequently found upon the same tree, and is double brooded. That 

 our species is double brooded also on the Atlantic coast is evident from 

 the data given further south, in Georgia, by Abbot, who records butter- 

 • flies taken by him May 1 and again September 5. I have also seen fresh 

 Texan specimens taken September 9 and 10, so that it is certain that if 

 single brooded in West Virginia and Missouri, it is double brooded near 

 the Gulf. 



Habits, flight, etc The butterfly is found in the vicinity of swamps, 

 according to Abbot, while Mr. Dury has taken it " sometimes on trees 

 from which there was an exudation of sap, and sometimes on rotten apples ; 

 but in most cases it is to be seen in the woods" (Edwards). Its move- 

 ments are said to be less lively than those of its companion C. celtis, 

 which is described as exceedingly alert and restless, darting from one 

 object to another so swiftly that the eye can scarcely follow it. 



It is a dimorphic species, the dimorphism affecting both sexes and being 

 so far as known independent of season ; this was proved by Mr. Edwards, 

 who raised, in West Virginia, from one set of wintering caterpillars, four 

 males and four females of the form clyton, and eight males and five females 

 of the form proserpina. All were raised from eggs found in the open 

 air, presumably those found by him July 4—6. On account of this dimor- 

 phism, ^Ir. Edwards exposed some chrysalids to severe cold, but as the ex- 

 periment was tried when they were less than six hours old it only resulted 

 in death. 



Enemies. Out often bunches of eggs found in Missouri by Mr. Riley, 

 eight proNcd to be more or less infested with a minute Chalcid, Telenomus 

 rileyi, one fly to each egg. " The egg thus infested becomes purplish, so 

 as readily to be distinguished from the sound ones, and even when empty, 

 an egg that has been parasitized is easily recognized by the crown being 



