278 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



form from which both were derhed ; at leai^t the course of the transverse 

 stripe of our present species, wliich thougli bhick, includes some w^hite 

 sj)0ts in the fore wing, and is interiorly margined with white on the under 

 surface of the hind wings, more nearly accords with that of proserpina than 

 wdth either of its parent species ; this stripe on the hind Aving finds no 

 counterpart in Anosia ; but on the fore wing, by its expansion toward the 

 costal margin and its enclosure there of some small white spots, heightens 

 the resemblance to the apex of the wing in Anosia, further aided by the 

 paleness of the marginal lunules in all the wings. The butterfly is found 

 over very nearly the same area as Anosia, and where the darker mahogany- 

 colored and also "protected" Euploeid species of Tasitia comes in, this but- 

 terfly takes on a mahogany hue,* which is still more marked in the allied 

 and also mimetic species, B. eros, which supplants it further south where 

 Tasitia berenice has fuller sway. 



Experiments and endurance. A chrysalis of this species, brought to 

 me })ierced through with a large insect pin when about four days old, gave 

 out the butterfly as usual (or would have done so if it could) as if entirely 

 unaffected by the pin. The head case was thrown off in the usual manner, 

 and one fore wing was extricated and fully developed. 



Some experiments on the action of this butterfly when the antennae are 

 cut off near the base, or the eyes blinded by a layer of thick pigment, or 

 both, will be found recorded by Mr. L. Trouvelot in the American natur- 

 alist, xi : 193-4. 



Mr. Edwards has placed on record some observations on the result of 

 submitting the chrysalids to extreme cold (Psyche, iii : 174) . He found that 

 if subjected to a tem[)erature of 32° they were killed. In another experi- 

 ment one was j)laced when six hours old in a temperature of 40° for fourteen 

 days ; a second when twelve hours old in the same temperature for ten days. 

 The first produced a male in seven days, the second a female in six days 

 after removal from the ice. Both were "alike in color above and below; 

 above dark, resembling southern Danais archippus. In the male the black 

 mesial band on hind wings is wider than usual . . . but in the female this 

 band is extraordinary, nearly three times as wide as usual. . . . Beneath, 

 in both, the hind wing is very light, a fawn color, with no fulvous tint, 

 quite unlike any . . . Avestern or southern example, though resembling 

 Catskill examples, except that these have a tint of fulvous." 



Enemies. This butterfly is a martyr to at least half a dozen hymenop- 

 terous parasites ; the caterpillar of the summer brood is attacked in great 

 numbers by an unknown parasite (the specimens are lost) which after- 

 wards emerge from the chrysalis, the chrysalis itself remaining intact through 

 the autumn and winter ; indeed it is not until late in the following spring 

 (before the summer brood of caterpillars appears, however) that the im- 



*Tliis form (Horulensis) , is iilso found in the even Iteen reported from Dakota (Heart River' 

 Mississippi Valley far to the north, and has Allen), far beyond the limits of the Tasitia. 



