NYMPIIALTNAK : UASILAIICIIIA PROSERPINA. 293 



only (and probably everywhere) where the boundaries of B. arthemis and 

 B. astyanax come mto contact, occasional or })ermanent. The localities 

 known to me by specimen, report or published statement (especially in 

 Edwards's Butterflies) are the following, from west eastward : — Racine, 

 Wise, "in certain localities numerous" (Hoy) ; Evanston, Ill.(Boutelle) ; 

 Wexford Co., Northern Michigan (Gibbs) ; Middle Michigan (Cook) ; 

 Hamilton, Out. (Murray), "rarely more than one in a season (Moffat), 

 Buffalo, N. Y. (Linden) ; Monroe Co., Penn. (Conradi) ; Catskills, 

 (Mead, Edwards) A.lbany and vicinity (Lintner, Grey), and besides New 

 England localities, one far to the eastward, as mentioned above, near 

 Halifax, Nova Scotia (Jones). 



The only localities known to me in New England are the Graylock Hopper 

 at Williamstown, tolerably common (Scudder), Holy oke, one specimen 

 (F. H. Sprague) and Medford, Mass. (Sanborn) ; Milford, N. H. 

 (Whitney) and Portland, Me. "occasional" (Lyman). 



Life history. The life history of this form differs in no respect from 

 that of its parents which, where they come into contact, wholly agree both 

 in actual season and in general character. That a second supplementary 

 brood of this form also occurs is shown by the observations of Lyman at 

 Portland, who says: "Last year [1874] there Avas a second brood .. . 

 which appeared about the end of August. I believe that this is the first 

 time within the last six years that thia has occurred there" (Can. ent., vi : 38.) 

 Desiderata. The one thing needed to settle the status of this form is 

 to determine its relationship to astyanax. This can best be done in such 

 districts as those^in Mr. Grey's vicinity, where arthemis, proserpina and 

 astyanax are all found. One shoidd attempt to procure the laying of eggs 

 in such a locality by every ripe female obtained, to see whether the 

 progeny in nine cases out of ten does not vary in the direction of astyanax 

 quite as much as in that of arthemis. Whether it would be possible in a 

 large vivarium, as in the cold house of a grapery, where netting might 

 cover the open windows and flowers be kept in bloom and willows grown 

 in pots, to keep virgin pairs of male arthemis and female astyanax, or the 

 reverse (but not both) long enough to permit the laying of ripe eggs, I do 

 not know ; but anyone having an opportunity to try the experiment would 

 do our science a service. Experiments should also be tried in localities 

 where one of the parent forms is found almost to the exclusion of the 

 other but in company with proserpina, to see whether females of the typical 

 forms breed true or not, as they certainly do away from the boundary line. 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.— BASILARCHIA PEOSERPINA. 



General. Imago. 



PI. 19, tig. 4. Distrilnition in Nortli America. PI. 2, li^'. 9. M:iJe, botli surfaces. 



