NYMPHALINAE : THE (JKXUS POLYCiONIA. 309 



Tabid offfcnera, based on the ima'jo. 



{"ore \vin<,'.s sharply aiijiiilated in the lowest subcostal intorspa<'('. 



Basal thiTC-lifths of hind wind's more or less spotted with black above; centre of liind 

 wind's with a white or silvery comma beneath. 



Inner border on fore wings roundly excised beyond the middle Polygonia. 



Inner border of fore wings straight Eugonla. 



Basal three-fiftlis of liind wings uniforndy dark; no silvery spot beneath. 



Wings with a lighter marginal band above; hind wings with numerous straight, spinous 



hairs beneath Euvanessa. 



Wings witli a lighter submarginal band; hind wings witliout spinous hairs on under 



surface Aglais. 



Fore wings produced, but rounded in the lowest subcostal interspace. 



Eyes pilose; upper surface of fore wings without conspicuous eye-like spots.... Vanessa. 

 Eyes naked; upper surface of all the wings with conspicuous eye-like spots ....Junonia. 



SECTION I. 



Win2;s of imago strongly angulated; hook of upper organ of abdominal appendages 

 small and inconspicuous ; inferior arms not greatly developed ; clasps much broader 

 than long, the upper process present. Chrysalis much more strongly angulated than 

 in the succeeding group, the tubercles sharply pointed. 



Gkxkua : Polygonia, Eugonia, Euvanessa, Aglais. 



POLYGONIA HUBNEK. 



Polygonia Hiibn.,Verz. bek. schmett.,3G(181G). Grapta Kirb., Faun. bor. amer., iv:292 (18.37). 

 Comma Kenn., Conspectus, 8 (1832). Vanessa (pars) Auct. 



Type. — Pap. c-album Linn. 



For he so swift and nimble was of flight, 

 That from this lower tract he dar'd to stie 

 Up to the clowdes, and thence with pineons light 

 To mount aloft unto the cristall skie. 

 To view the workmanship of heavens hight : 

 Whence down descending he along would flie 

 Upon the streaming rivera, sport to finde ; 

 And oft would dare to tempt the troublous winde. 

 Spenser. — 3Ii( iopotmos. 



Imago (52:8). Head of moderate size, pretty densely clothed with longer and 

 shorter hairs. Front moderately swollen, slightly fuller beneath, broader than high, 

 a very little broader than the eyes; upper edge projecting in the middle as a broad, 

 rounded triangle, terminating abruptly ; lower edge broadly rounded. Vertex moder- 

 ately large, somewhat tumid, rising, throughout, above the upper level of the eyes, its 

 anterior edge produced between the antennae by a considerable and swollen protuber- 

 ance which falls rather suddenly, its posterior edge nearly straight, the outer posterior 

 angles well rounded off. Eyes not large, pretty full, pilose with pretty long hairs, 

 longest in the middle of the upper half, in front. Antennae inserted in the middle of 

 the summit in deep, spacious, nearly connected pits, their interior bases separated by 

 a space equal to nearly twice the width of the antennal stalk, their exterior close to 

 the margin of the eyes; nearly twice as long as the abdomen, composed of 38-41 

 joints, the last ten or eleven of which form an elongated somewhat ovate club, strongly 

 compressed, increasing very gradually in size, the last three joints only entering into 

 the diminution of size, the tip very bluntly conical ; the club is about four times as 

 broad as the stalk and between four and five times as long as broad, furnished beneath 

 with a slight, longitudinal, treble carina, passing down upon the stalk. Palpi pretty 

 stout, nearly three times as long as the eye, a little compressed, curved slightlv for- 

 ward, the terminal about one-third the length of the middle joint, the whole heavily 



