326 THE BUTTP]RFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



tal band ; laterodor.sal spines of the second thoracic segment noticeably longer and rather 

 stouter than the others ; spines having the five spinules which form the wreath placed at 

 an angle of about 40° with the apical part of the main stem, which is destitute of pile 

 but generally bears three or four spinules of considerable magnitude. Most of the 

 spines are luteous, though often rufous above the spiracles, and the thoracic ones or 

 their spinules are often Avholly blackish. Length, 35 mm. ; breadth of head, 3.25 mm. 

 Chrysalis (83: 21, 22, 24-26. 40). Paler or darker wood brown, tinged with dark 

 olivaceous, the head and thorax, but not the appendages, sometimes more or less livid 

 or clay-brown. Abdomen with a pale dorsal stripe, enlarging in the middle of each 

 segment and bordered more or less conspicuously Avith greenish brown ; a dusky infra- 

 stigmatal line, generally accompanied above by a moderately broad, greenish fuligi- 

 nous band, bounded by the upper margin of the spiracles ; a moderately broad, greenish 

 fuscous, ventral stripe, margined with brown. The extremity of the tongue, occa- 

 sionally the Avhole of it, and sometimes also the antennae, blackish. The whole body 

 more or less faintly marked Avith an irregular web of dark brown in impressed lines, 

 on the Avings forming a large, irregular and imperfect, quadrate mesh, the lines cross- 

 ing the equally marked A^eins. The laterodorsal tubercles of the metathorax and first 

 to third abdominal segments are metallic on their posterior surface to a greater or less 

 extent, generally silvery -nacreous ; Avhile the anterior face of most of them in favora- 

 ble light shows a golden reflection. The other laterodorsal tubercles have a pale an- 

 imlus at base, a duskj- or blackish annulus above it, and are castaneous at tip, all these 

 markings being more conspicuous on the anterior than the posterior face. The minute 

 dorsal tubercles are dull yelloAV, as are sometimes the generally pallid suprastigmatal 

 tubercles, edged anteriorly Avith black; but the last, on the first and second abdominal 

 segments, are dull golden Avith uo black edging. Ocellar prominences short, conical, 

 blunt-tipped, separated at base by a truncate front. Mesothoracic tubercle (83 : 24, 25) 

 high, subquadrate, strongly compressed, subtruncate at tip, the front margin at first 

 parallel to the hind, then curving, the anterior angle much more curved than the pos- 

 terior; it is generally more or less marked Avith blackish fuscous on the sides. Length, 

 20-23 mm. ; of ocellar prominences, 1-1.5 mm. ; distance of these apart at tip, 2.75-3.25 

 mm. ; Avidthof thorax, 6.25-7.4 mm. ; of abdomen, 5.75-7 mm. ; height of thorax includ- 

 ing tubercle. 7-7.75 mm. ; of abdomen, 5.75-6.75 mm. 



Distribution. (20: o). This butterfly enjoys a more southern range 

 than any other species of the genus, being found east of the Kooky Moun- 

 tains from the borders of the Gulf of Mexico to the northern boundaries 

 of the Alleghanian fauna and beyond. In the south it occurs from south- 

 ern Texas to central Florida ; in the west it has been taken in Arizona 

 (Edwards), Kansas (Snow), Nebraska (Carpenter), Iowa (Allen, 

 Osborn, Putnam) , Wisconsin (Hoy), and even Montana (Edwards). It 

 is generally A^ery rare north of our boundary, single specimens being 

 reported from Sault, Lake Superior, and Nova Scotia (Jones), while it is 

 recorded as rare at OttaAva, Montreal (Caulfield, Lyman), and Quebec 

 (Bowles),* though Gosse found it "quite numerous at Compton, P. Q., 

 and Saunders raised it long ago at London, Ont." 



In NcAv England it is noAvhere very abundant, except occasionally, and 

 in the northern portions very rare ; it is rather uncommon about Boston, 

 at least of late years,! and the northernmost localities from Avhich it is 



*By an uiifurtunalo error I once credited it hood of Boston, says the caterpillars sonie- 



to eastern Labrador. times abound to such an extent as totally to 



tDr. Harris in his report, speaking appar" destroy the hops. It was very common in 



ently of what he has seen in the neighbor- 1887. 



