354 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



Distribution (19: 8). This butterfly is as characteristic of the Cana- 

 dian fauna as comma is of the Alleghanian, but it ranges across the 

 continent. In the high north it has been recorded from Fort Simpson on 

 Albany River, Rupert's House (Edwards), St. Martin's Falls (Brit. 

 Mus.) and Moose Factory, Hudson Bay (Weir). It has also been taken 

 at Dog's Head on the east side of Lake Winnipeg (Scudder), and at 

 Great Slave Lake (Mus. Comp. Zool.)* Mr. Fletcher informs me since 

 the map was printed that it is found in Newfoundland, and according to 

 Edwards at Vancouver Island. Within the United States Edwards 

 records it from Washington Territory, Oregon, Nebraska and Michigan, 

 Ames finds it in Iowa, and Worthington gives it in his list of Illinois but- 

 terflies ; but otherwise it has not been recorded west of the Appalachians. 

 It occurs in abundance among the Adirondacks of New York (Lintner, Hill) 

 and has thence undoubtedly extended to the Catskills (Edwards). But 

 the most remarkable record is that found in a memorandum on Abbot's 

 Georgian manuscripts in the British Museum where this butterfly unques- 

 tionably is drawn with the remark " met with by Mr. Elliot in his tour 

 to the mountains." Edwards records one specimen taken in West 

 Virginia by Meyer. 



In New England it is a special inhabitant of the hill country and is 

 rarely found excepting in the north, the southernmost localities from 

 which it has been recorded being Williamstown (Scudder), Warwick 

 (Clapp), Leverett (Sprague) and Amherst, Mass. (Marsh) ; Dover 

 (Faxon), Stow (Miss Soule) and Camel's Hump, Vt. (Sprague) ; Dub- 

 lin (Faxon) and Milford, N. H., two specimens (Whitney) ; and Port- 

 land " rare " (Lyman), Orono (Fernald) and Mt. Desert, Me. (Thaxter) ; 

 to the east it has been taken in Nova Scotia (Jones), Newfoundland 

 (Edwards) and on the southern shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence 

 (D'Urban, Bell), but it does not appear to inhabit the northern coast of 

 the same Gulf. In the valleys of the White Mountains it is exceedingly 

 abundant and is the butterfly oftenest seen in deep ravines and on moun- 

 tain slopes below the subalpine region ; more than any other species 

 belonging to the mountain region it mounts to the very summits of the 

 hio-hest peaks, and both male and female are often found there far 

 above where its larva feeds. In the valleys it affects higher levels than 

 its congeners. 



Oviposition. The eggs are laid on the upper surface of leaves, 

 generally near the edge. Judging from specimens in confinement they 

 lay but a few in a single day, and indeed on dissection I have never found 

 more than two or three dozen eggs in the body of any single specimen. 

 The duration of the eo-o- state is one week. 



* Inasmuch as Staudinger, Moschler and c-album, i.s it possible that specimens from 

 other European entomologists claim that this eastern Siberia referred to the latter may 

 species is identical with the European P. really belong to the former species? 



