390 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



similarly on the second and third thoracic segments ; those of the last two series are 

 somewhat larger than the others; a laterostigmatal series, placed similarly on all the 

 abdominal segments; a stigmatal series, placed centrally on the second and third 

 thoracic segments ; and an infrastigmatal series, placed centrally on the first to the 

 ei°-hth abdominal segments. The body is abnndantly supplied with minute warts, and 

 profusely furnished with still minuter ones ; the former emit short, delicate hairs, and 

 on the posterior parts of the segments are arranged in transverse rows. Spiracles 

 small, obovate, less than twice as broad as long. Legs rather slender, tapering, the 

 posterior pair long, the others rather short, the last joint compressed ; the claw small, 

 a little curved, compressed, heavily heeled at the base. Prolegs long, rather stout, 

 tapering considerably, with a multitude of booklets, closely crowded in more than a 

 siu'i-le row around the inner two-thirds of an oval, the booklets slender, neaiiy equal, 

 not curving greatly. 



Chrysalis. Viewed from above the head and prothorax taper very slightly as far 

 as the base of the ocellar tubercles, the outer edges of which are parallel; ocellar 

 prominences conical, their inner edges inclined tow^ard each other at a little more than 

 a ri^ht angle, the space between them squarely docked; on a side view, the under edge 

 is continuous, or nearly so, with the under surface of the appendages, slightly curved 

 downward at tip ; the upper edge is continuous with that of the prothorax, forming 

 an angle of about fifty degrees with the lower edge. The mesonotum is greatly arched 

 longitudinally and carinated along the middle line, the carina rapidly and regularly 

 elevated just behind the middle to a great height, forming a projection which is highest 

 posteriorly, half as high as long, with sloping sides placed at an angle of about thirty- 

 five deo-rees with each other, and posteriorly falling almost perpendicularly to the gen- 

 eral curve of the segment. Inferior surface of the body, including all the appendages, 

 forming an almost exactly straight line from the tip of the ocellar prominences to near 

 the tip of the wings, where it slopes upward. The middle of the mesonotum is also 

 furnished with a pair of small, supralateral, rounded, conical Avarts, as high as broad; 

 basal wing tul)ercle and supernumerary tubercle much as in Polygonia, separated by a 

 rather deep, somewhat angular excision ; wings protuberant in the middle of the upper 

 half of the posterior border and elevated into a blunt, conical tubercle, making the 

 body here as broad as at the supernumerary tubercle ; metanotum with supralateral 

 tubercles similar to those of the mesothorax. Abdomen shaped as in Polygonia, 

 furnished with a dorsal series of low, small, conical warts on the anterior edges of the 

 third to the eighth segments ; a series of greatly elevated conical tubercles, the tips of 

 each produced to a sharp, hard point, each perpendicular to the surface on which it 

 rests, arranged in a laterodorsal line on the centre of the second to the eighth segments, 

 that of the third segment considerably larger than the others, directed slightly back- 

 ward, that of the eighth diminutive, scarcely produced at tip; the first segment has a 

 pair of small, rounded, laterodorsal warts, placed anteriorly; there is also a series of 

 small, low, rounded, suprastigmatal warts, placed a little in advance of the middle of 

 the second to the ninth segments ; and an infrastigmatal series of similar warts in the 

 middle of the fifth to the eiglith segments. Preanal button l)ounded by a low, coarse, 

 corrugated, equal, slightly curving, longitudinal wall, terminating anteriorly in a stout, 

 irreifular, subspherical tubercle ; cremaster posterior to it deeply hollowed ; it is cor- 

 rugated throughout, above hollowed broadly but shallowly, the bounding wall very 

 thick at base, slender beyond; on a dorsal aspect it is considerably longer than broad, 

 tapering somewhat to a well arched tip ; viewed at the side it is nearly equal, a little 

 In-oader at the base, the apical field of booklets circular and small. Booklets long, 

 slender and straight, until close to the tip, where each is rather suddenly and consid- 

 erably enlarged into a strongly curving club, the end produced to a l)lunt tip, directed 

 toward the base. 



Synonymy. As I have shown in my Historical sketch of the genera 

 of butterflies, the laws which govern the stability of names in zoology, if 



