400 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NE^^' ENGLAND. 



Suffused aberrations. E. a. hygiaea ( Van. hygiaea Heyd. , Verz. enr. scbmett. , 7. 

 Van. lintneri Fitch, Trans. N. Y. agric. soc, 1856,485. Figui-ed by Mayn., Butt. N. E. 

 pi. 2, flg. 18b). The first specimen I saw of tliis variety was one from Albany, in the 

 collection of Mr. T. L. Mead, the upper surface of which (excepting the mottled costal 

 border of the fore wings) is uniformly maroon as far as the outer of the two yellow 

 costal bars of the norm, and nearly as far as the inner edge of the blue spots of the 

 norm ; beyond this the whole outer portion is of the normal yellow, grizzled with 

 brown, as in the upper part of the fore wing, normally ; there is no inner costal striga 

 on the fore wings ; beneath there are similar peculiarities, Avith only slight traces of 

 ferruginous on the outer edge. 



Another specimen in the collection of Mr. W. D. Denton, and which he obtained on 

 the wing at Chillicothe, Ohio, dittei's in that the yellowish margin of the hind wing is 

 very much broader on the right side than on the left, being more than double the 

 normal width and having a nearly straight inner margin, suppressing not only the 

 black band which should border it upon the inner side, but also the blue spots included 

 in this border. These blue spots are, moreover, wanting in all the other wings, except- 

 ing a few scales in the lower median interspace of all the wings and the upper median 

 interspace of the left hind wing. 



Mr. S. L. Elliott says (Science, ii : 353) that of 380 specimens of one brood raised by 

 him twenty-five were varieties. "Two of tlie varieties were lintneri, from which all 

 the blue had disappeared. The third had tlie primaries lintneri, wliile the secondaries 

 had the usual blue spots. The fourth had the secondaries lintneri, while the primaries 

 bore the blue spots. In the remaining twenty-one, the whole upper surface of the 

 wings liad a mottled appearance, showing that the colors had been disturbed. Thej' 

 retained the blue spots, but the spots wei'e much smaller than usual." None of these 

 could be looked at as typical hygiaea, unless the black band in which the blue spots 

 occur had given place to yellow. 



In the museum of the Boston Society of Natural History, there is a specimen (No. 

 476) of this butterfly, collected by the late Mr. C. A. Sluirtlefl'in the neighborhood of 

 Boston, whicli seems to belong to this variety but to vary mucli less from the normal 

 form. The black, submarginal stripe of tlie upper surface of the wings is narrower 

 than usual, and the marginal yellow band correspondingly broader, especially upon the 

 upper half of the hind wings ; tlie limit between the two is less shai'ply defined than 

 usual and the same is true of the costal bars ; the series of blue spots in the black 

 band above and the zigzag bluish stripe below are visible only in detached, inconspicu- 

 ous remnants. 



Streclver (Cat. Ainer. Macrolep., 135) notes briefly another suflused form, quite 

 distinct from the above, in which the yellow margin of the upper surface is replaced 

 by blaclv. 



Egg (64 : 26, 33). Laminate ribs, seven to eight in number, .045 mm. in height at 

 the edge of tlie summit, leaving on the summit a free space, .31 mm. in diameter; sur- 

 face glistening, smooth, broken by delicate transverse lines, .02 mm. apart, which be- 

 come more prominent on eitlier side of the ribs, forming buttresses for their support. 

 Micropyle .09 mm. in diameter, consisting (67:3, 6) of a central circle .025 mm. in 

 diameter, followed by two series of rounded polygonal cells, about half the outer row as 

 large as the inner, the other half considerably larger, the inner ones averaging .012 mm. 

 in diameter, separated by rather prominent ridges. Tlie micropyle is followed directly 

 by very large, transverse, polygonal or hexagonal cells, often stretching across from 

 one rib to another, as tlie succeeding row always does, or rather to the slender, zigzag 

 ridges which are the continuation of the ribs. Color when laid, pale olivaceous yellow, 

 changing afterwards to dark yellowisli l:)rown, and just l^efore hatching to inky black; 

 ribs pellucid. Height, .88 mm. ; breadth, .74 mm. 



The development of this egg (63) is fully treated in the Introduction. 



Caterpillar. First stage (70 : 12). Head (78 : 50) shining piceous with a few pretty 

 longliairs; ocelli black; basal joint of antennae pale ; mouth parts blackish, except- 

 ing tlie upper edge of labruni wliicli is pale. Body dull brownish olivaceous, the first 



