NYMPHALINAE: EUVANESSA ANTIOPA. 401 



thonicic segment infuscated ; warts of the color of the body tipped with black ; hairs 

 exceedingly long, sometimes a little curved, brownish; legs dull luteous, the apical 

 third blackish; prolegs of the color of the body, each with a moderately long hair pro- 

 jecting from the anterior portion of the base. Length of body, 2 mm. ; breadth of 

 body, .4 mm. ; length of bail's on body, .4 mm. ; breadth of head, .6 mm. 



After eating a single night the bodies become plump and distended as if they had 

 eaten to repletion ; tiiey also change to a brownish, olivaceous color, and have a wiry 

 look. 



Second stage. Head shining piccons, with a few not very long, curving, black hairs. 

 Body yellowish bi-own, the first thoracic segment blackish ; a dusky, straight, dorsal 

 line and dusky, wavy, longitudinal stripes on the sides. Tlie armature in this stage is 

 intermediate between tiie juvenile and adult stages, consisting of small tubercles bear- 

 ing each a curving l)lack hair, arranged like the spines of the later stages. Legs 

 blackish fuscous; prolegs yellowish broAvn, tipped with fuscous. Length, 6 mm.; 

 breadth, .75 mm. 



lliird stage. Head shining piceous. Body black, mottled with dark gray, the dorsal 

 stripe consisting of two contiguous, oblong, oval patches of dull ferruginous, separated 

 either in whole or in part by a narroAv line of black ; the body is armed now Avith shin- 

 ing piceous spines nearly a millimetre in length, each bearing at tip a long, pale hair, 

 and at the sides a few short, black hairs projecting directly from the spine and not 

 mounted as afterwards upon spinules ; hairs of tirst segment pale. Legs shining piceous. 

 Length, 15.5 mm. ; breadth, 2 mm. 



Fourth stage. The fourth stage differs but little from the fifth and scarcely war- 

 rants a separate desci-iption. In it the dorsal spots are divided by the dorsal line which 

 becomes obliterated in the last stage and the spinules of the spines (86 : 83) have not 

 attained their normal size, although conspicuous. 



Last stage (74 : 28) . Head (78 : 51) dull, bronze black, the w^arts black, giving rise to 

 white hairs, arranged to some degree in vertical rows converging toward the summit 

 of either hemisphere; mouth parts black. Body velvety black, covered with white 

 warts, often narrowly encircled with fainter Avhite and giving rise to white hairs ; the 

 third thoracic and first to seventh abdominal segments with a large, dorsal, orange red 

 spot reaching as far as the inner base of the laterodorsal spines ; spines (86 : 84) 

 bright, In-ouze-black, minutely wrinkled transversely, the hairs black. Legs (87 : 13) 

 bright bronze black; prolegs (87:21) reddish testaceous, the booklets reddish brown. 

 Length, 60 mm. ; breadth of body, 7 mm. ; length of spines, 5.75 mm. ; breadth of 

 head, 4 mm. 



The exact stage of growth of this caterpillar is easy to determine, for no matter 

 what the size may be, however fostered by abundance or emaciated by insufiiciency of 

 food, there are certain structural features chai-acteristic of each stage. In the first 

 stage tlie body is armed with hairs arising from little warts, none of which are placed 

 in a median dorsal series ; in the second stage tlie body is furnished with similar hairs 

 having an entirely distinct distribution, some of them forming a dorsal series. In the 

 third stage the body is armed with spines, emitting little, bristly hairs directly from its 

 sides without the intervention of spinules; in the fourth the spines are the same, but 

 the lateral bristles are mounted on very short spinules scarcely longer than the width 

 of the spine ; while in the fifth stage the same spines bear long spinules, often nearly 

 one-third of their own length, with apical thorns. 



Chrysalis (83:51,58,59). Dark yellowish brown, more or less marked with blackish 

 fuscous, often covered, especially on the thorax and appendages with a very pale, 

 bUiisli gray bloom and often tinged with roseate; dorsal and lateral surfaces of ocellar 

 pi'ominences and the sides of the dorsal tubercles of mesonotum, streaked with l)lack; 

 basal joint of antennae and laterodorsal tubercles of mesonotum infuscated ; abdo- 

 men dotted infrequently with blackish fuscous, the dots arranged somewhat in trans- 

 verse rows ; very obscure, infuscated, stigmatal and ventral bands ; sides and front of 

 the basal half of the latei'odorsal abdominal tubercles black, their apical half red tipped 

 with black ; smaller tubercles black ; spiracles black with obscure lips ; sides of the 



