XYMPIIAMNAK: Kl VAXKSSA AX'llOl'A. 411 



but from one side they cliange throu;i:li violet to a crystalline rose pnrple. . . . The 

 broad bnil-edge of the Vanessa antiopa's winj>s harmonizes -\vitli tlie russet ground it 

 flutters over, and as it stands concealed in tlie Avinter, Avitli its wings folded above its 

 bacl<, in a cleft in the rocks, the gray-brown underside of its wings prevents its being 

 distinguislied from the rocks tlieniselves. CriioiM'.Ar. Karly Sprinii- in Mass.. p. 2T>2.) 



L:ito ill September, 18GS), ^fr. I*. S. Sprao-ue fuiind a Incjkcn clirv.salis 

 of tliis .species which seems to have liad a curious history. The chrysalis 

 was found suspended beneath a fence, its anterior extremity squarely 

 docked ; the aperture thus formed was filled with clay ; this was after- 

 wards broken and a ichneumonideous grub disclosed, together w'ith four en* 

 five benumbed tcnthrcdinidous larvae ; the grub subserpicntly s[)uii a silk 

 partition to conceal itself. Uiiqucstionai)ly the larva of antiopa had been 

 stung by Iloplismenus niorulus, which in emerging from the chrysalis had 

 girdled the anterior extremity after its fashion and made its escape. A 

 roving wasp discovered the empty chrysalis case and concluded to adopt it 

 as a home for one of its yonng, provisioning it with false caterpillars. 

 Mr. E. T. Cresson has kindly determined the wasp, which subsequently 

 made its appearance, to be a variety of Odynerus albophaleratus Sanss. 

 with immaculate scutellum. 



The name " ^Mourning cloak," now largely in use in America, is un- 

 doubtedly due to the German influence in our country, beino- a direct 

 translation of Tranermantel ; as it seems to be gaining in favor over the 

 strictly English, and here meaningless, name of Camberw^ell Beauty, more 

 commonly applied to it in Canada, 1 have chosen to adopt it. 



Enemies. This long-spincd, red-spotted caterpillar has plenty of foes. 

 Fi\e Hymenoptera are known to attack it in this country, and three in 

 Europe, including one of those found alsc^ in this country. First, Ich- 

 neumon fossorius is said by Katzeburg to destroy it in Elurope. Xext, a 

 European species of Hoplismenus, H. terrificus, is said by Giraud and 

 Laboulbene to have been bred from it. Another species of the same 

 genus, H. morulus (88:'.')' decapitates the chrysalis on this side of the 

 Atlantic. Then we have two species of Pteromalus Avhicli attack it. P. 

 vanessae (89:3) and P. puparum (89:1-2), the latter found also in 

 Europe, and the former also attacking other butterfly caterpillars. Dr. 

 Harris reared P. vanessae on August 5 ; and it is perhaps of this species 

 that Harriet Keyes writes (Can. ent., xv : 287), that she "counted one 

 hundred and fortv-five little o-reen flies" emero;e from one chrysalis of 

 antiopa. Dr. Harris also obtained from this buttei'fly a Derostenus, D. 

 antiopae (89:7) on September 15. And lastly Mr. C. AV. AVoodworth 

 ciught Telenomus graptae (89: 'J) at the AVhite Mountains, in the very 

 act of ovipositing on the eggs. 



But it is also attacked by dipterous parasites. Phcjrocera concinnata 

 attacks it in Europe, and in this country P. edwardsii (89: 12, 2.")) is its 



