420 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



All hibernating butterflies, so far as knoAvn at present, belong to tlie 

 X^-mphalidae and Papilionidae, and almost exclusively to the Vanessidi 

 and llhodoceridi, neither Lycaenidae nor Hesperidae being known to hiber- 

 nate in the perfect stage. Almost all the Vanessidi of Europe as well as 

 Colias rhamni are known to hibernate in the imago state, and in our own 

 country Anosiaplexippus, all the Polygonias, Eugonia j-album, Euvanessa 

 antiopa, Aglais milberti, all the species of Vanessa and Junonia coenia, 

 as well as Hypatus bachmanii, and among the llhodoceridi, Callidryas 

 eubule and Xanthidia nicippe. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



No special paper has been written on this subject in this country, but for the European but- 

 terflies, see Zeller's List of the Lepidoptera of the Oder wintering over in the perfect stage 

 (Stett. ent. zeit., xiv:49); von Prittwitz's List of butterflies of Silesia and the condition in 

 which they pass the winter (Ibid., xxii: 191) ; and Hellin's List of British Macrolepidoptera 

 wliich hibernate in the egg state (Ent. monthl. mag., March, 1«70). 



AGLAIS MILBERTI. — The American tortoise-shell. 



[The forked butterfly (Gosse) ; Milbert's butterfly (Harris) ; the nettle tortoise-shell (Scud- 

 der); the red empress (Ross).] 



Vanessa milberti Goa.,'Encyc]. mith., ix: butt., 21 (1872);— Butt., 137-138, figs. 82, 127 



293, 307-308 (1819) ;— Boisd.-LeC. L6p. Am6r. (1881). 



sept., 187, pi. 50, figs. 3-4 (1833); — Doubl.- Grapta milberti Middl., Rep. ins. 11!.. x: 



Hewits., Gen. diurn. Lep., i: 201, pi. 26, fig. 4 85 (1881). 



(1849) ;— Harr., Ins. inj. veg., 3d ed., 302-303, Vanessa furcillata Say, Amer. entoni., ii, 



rig. 125 (1862) ;— Morr., 8yn. Lep. N. Amer., 56 pi. 27 (1825?) ; Entom. N. Amer., ed. LeC, i : 



(1862) ;-II.Edw.,Pac. coast Lep., ii: 10 (1873); 62-63, pi. 27 (1859);— Kirli.. Faun, bor.-amer., 



— Coq., Rep.ins. 111., x : 164-165 (1881) ;— Fern., iv: 292-293 (1837). 



Butt. Maine, 58-59 (1884) ;—Edw., Can. ent., Vanessa 7(rticaeEmm.,Agr\c.^. York, \ : 



xvii : 181-188 (1885) ; -French, Butt. east. U. 209; the figure is that of the European spe- 



S., 195-196 (1886) ;— Mayn., Butt. N. E., 17-18, cies (1854). 



pi. 1, figs. 19, 19a (1886). Figured by Glover, 111. N. A. Lep., pi. 37, 



Nymphalis milberti Kii-b., Syn. catal. Lep., fig. 3, ined. 



648 (1871). [Not Pap. urticae Linn.] . 



Aglais milbertii Scudd., Syst. rev. Amer. 



Bright, bright, i-estless bright, through the sunburnt meads, 



Wavers the butterfly ; 

 Ever across its path a pilot invisible leads 

 A sylphid fleet of the thistle's light and feathery seeds,— 

 And August passeth l)y. 



Edith Tiiomks.— August. 



Imago (2:7; 12 : 10). Head covered thickly with long, fine, mouse-brown and pale 

 brown hairs, with intermingled, very long, scarcely coarser, blackish ones; a few pale, 

 gray broAvn scales skirt the hinder part of the eye. Palpi covered with blackish brown 

 scales, and a superior and inferior fringe of very long, stifl", black hairs, the basal and 

 middle joint edged externally above and below with a dull, pale, slate brown row of 

 scales, becoming fainter toward the apex of the middle joint, where the darker scales 

 become decidedly black; last joint wholly black; the inferior fringe of black hairs is 

 flanked interiorly with a series of equally long, pale, gray scales. Antennae blackish, 

 the basal half of the joints streaked with whitish on the upper portion of their inner 



