424 THE blttekflip:s of xeav England. 



It is first in tliis stage that tlie hiiulor part of tlie bod,v becomes considerably larger 

 than the front portion. 



Last statjr (74:o(5). Head pretty smooth, shining piceous, the warts white, the 

 hairs blaclv or white ; one of these elevations, lai'ger than the others, and seated on 

 the summit of either half is black ; Ijasal joint of antennae pale fuscous, beyond Ijlack ; 

 ocelli black; labrum reddish black; ma.xillar}^ palpi pale fuscous at base, beyond black. 

 Body above velvety black, below greenish yellow, the limit between the two being a 

 Avaved line just below the spiracles ; but above this there is a narrow yellow band 

 formed of a series of broad crescents, each of which starts from the top of a spiracle 

 and ends at the bottom of tlie next in advance ; these are sometimes abbreviated into 

 yellow spots on the anterior half of the segments; below this line, and just above the 

 legs, thei'e is a brownish fuscous interrupted band; there is also abroad, ventral, 

 blackish fuscous band; warts whitish, giving rise to white, sometimes black hairs; in 

 some specimens, especially in those which are fully groAvn, the warts of the upper 

 side are of a larger size, of a brownish yellow color and so thickly clustered, in a 

 broad dorsal band Avithout sharply defined borders, as to give the Avhole dorsum en- 

 closed between the laterodorsal spines a sort of snuff' color, Avith a narroAV, interrupted, 

 dorsal line; spinos mostly black, those of the infrastigmatal series yelloAv Avith black 

 spinules ; but in the snuft-colored specimens mentioned above they have yelloAv 

 spinnles and in the latcrostigmatal roAv, both the spines and spinules are also to a 

 greater or less degree yelloAv. Spiracles black, environed Avith yelloAV ; legs black ; 

 the claAvs dark reddish ; prolegs pale greenish. Length, 20 nun. ; breadth of body, 

 4.5-5 mm. ; length of longest spine, 1.75 mm. ; breadth of head, 2.5 mm. 



Chrysalis (83: 43, 40, 50). Either grizzly gray, from a pale broAvn surface 

 pretty uniformly and profusely flecked and creased Avith l)lackish fuliginous ; or pale 

 golden green, excepting the exposed portion of the loAver Avings and the al)domen Ije- 

 yond the third segment, Avhich are very pale salmon varied Avith pale green, all the 

 creases pale ferruginous and indistinct. In the latter case the ridges and larger prom- 

 inences of the anterior half of the body are more or less pallid, edged and tip[)ed Avitli 

 pale testaceous and irregularly marked Avith black-broAvn, and the tongue and the in- 

 cisures of the legs and antennae are infuscated. In the dark forms these are blackish 

 or flecked more heavily than elscAvhere, but the mesonotal tubercle is edged Avith pale 

 castaneous. In both cases the abdomen has similar markings Avith dissimilar colors. 

 The tips of the abdominal tubercles are castaneous in the dark, very pale castaneous in 

 the light forms, in both edged beneath Avith black, noticeable only in the dark forms. 

 Gosse describes the tips of these tubercles as " of the most brilliant gold, like polished 

 metal." There is a stigmatal abdominal band, darker than the ground, made up of 

 short, bent, oblique lines crossing the spiracles and directed from beloAv upAvard and 

 backAvard. The ground also, especially in the paler forms, is slightly darker in a 

 broad field on the outer side of Avhicli the supralateral tubercles of the abdomen lie, 

 Avhich has a tendency to deeper tones in similar oblique markings, varying in intensity 

 in diflereut specimens, and leaving a narroAV, paler dorsal stripe betAveen them. 

 There is also a distinct, broad, dark, ventral band edged Avith blackish on all the ab- 

 dominal segments. Posterior margins of the segments pale green Avith nearly equi- 

 distant fuscous dots in the pale specimens, or pallid AAith black dots in the dark. 

 Spiracles testaceous Avith a pale areola; sides of the cremaster black or with a 

 blackish median sti-eak, the preanal lateral ridges pallid, more or less heavily mar- 

 gined on both sides Avith black or fuscous. Length, 18.5 mm. ; greatest breadth, 6.1 

 mm. ; breadth at ocellar prominences, 3.5 mm. 



Geographical distribution (20:6). This characteristic member of 

 the Canadian fauna is found across the entire continent of North America ; 

 eastward it occurs in Nova Scotia "rare" (Jones), (^)e Breton (Thax- 

 ter) , Newfoundh\nd "the most abundant of all the butterfly tribe" (Gosse) , 

 and Godbout River, southern Labrador ((^orneau) ; Avcstvvard it is found 



