446 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



of the head are very large and high, taller than broad, and on the body the pale colors 

 are more prominent and have assumed a straAv-yellow color ; there is a distinct macu- 

 lar, substigmatal yellow stripe. The apical hair is not half so long as the spine 

 (86 : (U) from which it springs. Length, 12 mm. 



Fifth sLufje (74:85). Head (78: JD) l)ronze black, covered with large and ratla-r 

 frequent black or black-tipped white tubercles, and not very numerous smaller wart-<, 

 all bearing rather short fuscous hairs. Colors of the body varying in a very extraor- 

 dinary degree, so that it is exceedingly difficult to give any general description. I 

 think the normal form may be describeil as velvety black, many of the little warts 

 white, but a dorsal line devoid of white dots, a substigmatal band formed of longitu- 

 dinal narrow open lunules of pale yellow, and on the alidominal segments an inter- 

 rupted, slightly oblique, stigmatal line of confluent yellow dots; the spines (86:i;.'>) 

 mostly or wholly black, or having the extreme bases sometimes obscure dull orange ; 

 the longest spines scarcely exceed in length one-half the greatest breadth of the head, 

 and the apical spinule. or that portion of the main stem which lies beyond the base of 

 the lateral spinules, is much shorter than tlie other part of the spine; at its base the 

 spine is scarcely elevated ; the spinif orm tubercles of the first segment are moderately 

 long and the hairs scattered over the body short and inconspicuous ; spiracles black 

 with pale lips. Legs l)lack : prolegs pale rufo-testaceous. Length. ?.0 mm. ; breadth 

 of body. 5. .5 mm. ; breadth of head, ;'>.2.") mm. 



The white sometimes becomes a snuff color and the tint extends farther and farther 

 from the little wart where it had its origin, until nearly or <iuite the whole of the ani- 

 mal with its spines may become light colored. But to give a better conception of the 

 variation I add short descriptions of several stages of ornamentation. I will add 

 that I\L-. 1'. S. Sprague, Miio has reared large numbers of this insect, first called my 

 attention to the fact that they often change their color from black to snuff' color dur- 

 ing their growth, althougli never the reverse. That this must be so is evident when 

 one notices that tiie palest forms are never seen amoiig specimens of the first three 

 stages: after that, so far as my experience goes, about one-fourth or one-third of the 

 individuals change to a saffron tint. Some specimens are entirely velvety black, with 

 only a few pale obscure dots over the body, hardly noticeable without a lens, and the 

 bases of some of the spines surrounded with very obscure dull orange ; all the spines 

 and spinules entirely black. In others, still black, the body is profusely dotted Avitli 

 white, the spines pale lemon yellow, those of the thoracic segments black, the dorsal 

 ones of the third tlioracic and first and sixth abdominal segments fuscous, the substig- 

 matal band In'oken up into a series of doul)le dots and altogether wanting on tin- 

 anterior parts of the segments. Others similar to this have all the spines of the thorax 

 black, excepting tlie lateral ones of the third segment, Avhile all those of the body 

 are yellow. Occasionally there is a short streak a little below and in advance of the 

 laterodorsal spines of the abdomen. When the pale colors of the warts have begun 

 to be confluent, the specimens assume a very difterent appearance. In some the 

 prevailing hue is a rather pale olivaceous green, the warts of the same color but 

 minutely centred Mitli white, bearing white hairs and encircled in whole or in part at 

 the extreme base with lilackish fuscous; the whole upper surface begrimed more 

 or less with delicate l)lackish fuscous streaks and congregated specks, excepting 

 along a ])road, pale greenish yellow, infrastigmatal band and in part along a narrow 

 suprastigmatal baud and the short streak in advance of the laterodorsal s|tines; the 

 spines pale greenish yellow, their spinules mostly black, the basal ones sometimes 

 pellucid or testaceous, all those of the infrastigmatal row testaceous. Other> are of a 

 livid hue. marked with obscure })rown. most of the spines pellucid, but some infuscated, 

 resting on pale, dull, lemon yellow warts. Still others are of a very pale straw color, 

 tinted very slightly here and there with purplish and marked with dark, purplish 

 slender streaks and small spots congregated linearly or distributed in irregular annu- 

 lar rings; the hairs white, the spines pale lemon yellow, the spinules generally lihu-k. 

 The color has nothing to do with the sex. 



Chrysalis (83 : .".2,.");5,.^>r>). Wings and front ashy brown, the wrinkles fuscous, the 



