456 THE HLTTERFIJKS OF NEAV EN(;LANI). 



Ptei-onialut> piii>anim alfju attacks atalanta in Europe (\aturalicjt, 188(>, 

 2V6), and Bignell gives a list of four Hvnicnoptera : an Anihlyteles, a 

 Linincria and a second ]Microgat<ter (M. suhconiplctus) known as parasites 

 in England, besides Mesochorus, a hvperparasite on Microgaster (Buck- 

 ler, Larvae lirit. Butt., 200), and a hyperparasite Hemiteles ; and as will 

 1)C seen Uy the list in Mr. Howard's chapter on parasites, a Hoplisnicnus 

 and an Apantcles can be added to the list of parasites in the Old A\'orld : 

 while among the Diptera parasitic on this caterpillar in Europe Dr. AMllis- 

 t(.n tells nie are found a Phorocera, a Mascicera and a Voria. 



Desiderata. Wc are well acijuainted with the history of this butterfly, 

 so common on two continents : yet we need further details to mark the 

 broods with greater precision, and there is some discrepancy in the state- 

 ments of the duration of the chrysalis state : pei-haps this differs with the 

 season of the vear. We ought to know at about what latitudes the 

 annual broods increase in number. Large numbers of the last brood of 

 caterpillars should l)e raised, under the most natural conditions possible^ 

 to see how large a proportion of the chrysalids hibernate. 



LIST OF ILLrSTL'ATIOXS.-VAXESSA ATALAXTA. 



(fcurnil. '^l '■ '-• ^t^st of half grown oaterpillar. 

 1'1.2U. liu. 7. Distriliiitiou in North AuRTica. 0. Ba.se of a nettle leaf as hitten to 



88: 11- Mhrrouaster carinata, a parasite. form a nest. 



13. Cocoons of Apanteles atalaiitae, a S(j : 01-ori. Dermal appenda^-es of sta,!;es i-v. 

 parasite. Chrysalis. 



8!1 : 1(1. Exorista fiitiMs. a dipterous i>ara- i>|. yg, (jg. 52. Siile view in ontliiie. 

 site. 53. Dorsal view in ontlinc 



E(l,l, hh. Side view. 



I'l.ci. lig. tii. Colored. IiiH((I<>. 



t'atennllar. I'l- 'i, tig.G. Female, hoth surface!;. 



I'l. 70. tiu. 10. Caterpillar at birth. 12 : 5. Both surfaces. 



' 74: 35. Mature caterpillar. o3: 20. 29a. Male abdominal api)endages. 



78:.58..'>9. Front views of head in tirst HI : 20. Papilla of tongue, 

 •ind fifth staues. •^•"- Prothoracic lolies and patagia. 



GROUP II (Neopyrameis). 



Briuhter colors of the upper !<uri"Hee of the Avings of the imago not chistercd into 

 a baud, but broken into patches covering a broad belt. Under surface of liind wings 

 witli Uu'ger or sniaUer ocellate spots, often very perfect, in a sul)niarginal series. 

 Hook of upper organ single at tip. Clasps nearly ecpial throughout, larger than in the 

 previous section, and the hinder edge a little angnlatcd in the middle; secondary 

 avraaturc longitudinal. 



