NYMPIIALLKAE : VANESSA CAKDUI. 469 



leaves of a deserted nest a large cocoon of Microf^aster, hut he has never 

 bred the perfect insect. And finally, at Xepigon in 1888, I obtained 

 Apanteles carduicola from the caterpillar in several instances, destroying 

 the lai-vac in the second staije. 



Desiderata. On what part of the leaf and during what weeks are the 

 eggs of either brood deposited ? Does the larva ever feed upon thistles 

 or the other plants indirectly attributed to its bill of fare? Do any or a 

 considerable number of the chrysalids of the first brood of the year remain 

 until the close of the season before changing to butterflies, or how is the 

 much greater abundance of the autumn butterflies to be accounted for ? 

 AVhat become of the large ichneumons that emerge from the chrysalids in 

 September ? Do they then attack the larva of some other insect ? Is the 

 caterpillar ever attacked by parasites during the closing days of its life 

 when it lives exposed and not in concealment? if so, why does it not con- 

 tinue in concealment? if not, what gives it immunity? How large a pro- 

 portion of the chrysalids of the autumn brood disclose the imago durino- 

 the same season? How many l)roods make their appearance near the 

 dividing line between the Alleghanian and Carolinian faunas ? In what 

 respect does the flight of the butterfly diflfer from that of cardui ? 



LIST OF ILLUSTBATIONS.-VANESSA HUNTS B A. 



Caterpillar. Imago. 



PI. 74, fig. 34. Mature caterpillar. PI. 2, fig. 2. Male, upper surface. 

 78 : 52. 53, GO. Front views of head in 3. Female, both surfaces, 



stages i, ii and v. 12: 9. Both surfaces. 



81:11. Nest. 33:22. Male abdominal appendages. 



83:64. Xest with chrysalis hanging within. 38:12. Neuration. 



Chrysalis. 53:5. Side view of head and appendages 



PI. 83 fif. 54. Side view. enlarged, with details of leg structure. 



63. Dorsal view in outline. General. 



64. Side view, hanging within a pi. 20, fig. 8. Distrilnition in Xorth America, 

 'i^^t- 88:1. Ichneumon rufiventris, a pai'asite. 



VANESSA CARDUI.— The painted lady. 



[Painted lady; cosmopolitan butterfly; thistle butterfly (Auct.); Cynthia of the thistle 

 (Kirby) ; thistle cynthy (Emmons).] 



Papilio cardui Linn.. Syst. nat., 10th ed., Hab., iii: 122 (1847) :— Scudd., Amer. nat., x: 



475-470 (1758). 392-396, 602-611 (1876) ; Butt., 151, figs. 41, 134. 



Nymphalis cardui Latr., Hist. nat. crust. 179 (1881). 



ins., xiv: 87-88 (1805). Aglais cardui DaJm., Kongl. vetensk. 



Cynthia cardui Fabr., 111. mag. ins., vi : 281 acad. handl., xxxvii, 6.5-66 (1816). 



(1807); — Harr., Entom.corresp., 277-279, pi. 1, Libythia cardMi Lam., Anim. sans vert., 



figs. 1-2 (1869) ;— Kirb., Faun. bor. amer., iv : iv : 29 (1817). 



295-296 (1837); — Emm., Agric. N. Yoi'k., v: Ilamndryas decora cardui Hiibn.. Verz. 



210, pi. 46. figs. 1, 2, a, b (1854). eur. schmett., 3 (1822). 



Vanessa cardui Ochs., Schmett. eur.,iv: Pyrameis cardui Doubl.-Hewits., Gen. 



16, 127 (1816) ;— God., Encycl. m(5th., ix: 296, diurn. Lep., i: 205 (1849);— Morr., Syu. Lep. 



323-324. pi. 28, figs. 6, 6 bis; pi. 54. figs. 1, N. Amer., 59-60 (1862) ;— Trim., Rhop. Afr. 



Ibis, 2. 3 (1819) ; — Boisd.-LeC, L6p. Am6r. Austr., 119-121 (1862);— Saund., Can. ent., i: 



sept., 178-179 (1833);— Poey, Mem. Soc. ccon. 93-94 (1869);— French, Kep. ins. 111., vii: 154 



