490 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



from, I can only say that the general direction of the upper and lower edges is 

 apparently in continuation of that of the parts behind, and inclined toward each other 

 at an angle of about 90°; mesothorax broadly arched longitudinally, not greatly 

 elevated, the anterior two-thirds provided with an equal, rather coarse, median carina. 

 Inferior surface with the appendages straight or scarcely curved; basal wing tubercle, 

 with the two other wing tubercles, much as in Vanessa, and similarly pronounced ; meso- 

 and metathorax with a pair of central, supralateral, small, conical tubercles, scarcely 

 below the laterodorsal line. Abdomen broadly rounded longitudinally, the curve a 

 little depressed along the middle, provided with a dorsal series of pretty small, equal, 

 blunt, conical tubercles, anteriorly disposed on the second to seventh segments; a 

 laterodorsal series of pretty large, stout, rather bluntly conical tubercles on the 

 middle of the first to seventh segments, that on the first smaller than the others, 

 which are ueai'ly equal; suprastigmatal and iufrastigmatal series of very small, 

 scarcely elevated, easily overlooked warts on the fourth to eighth segments, the 

 former placed anteriorly, the latter centrally. Preanal button bounded laterally by 

 scarcely elevated, very broad, curving walls, terminating interiorly in a pair of not very 

 large tubercles, the apical half of which are bluntly conical, and directed forward and 

 downward. Cremaster viewed from above, long and slender, more than tAvice as long 

 as broad, tapering basally, beyond equal, deeply channelled longitudinally as far as 

 the apical wall, the tip rounded; viewed laterally, nearly equal and slender, curving 

 a little, the very tip expanding, especially on the under side; field of anal hooklets 

 longitudinally oval, twice as long as broad; hooklets pretty long, the stem equal, 

 somewhat curved, moderately stout, the apical portion very gradually and but little en- 

 larged, pretty strongly curved, the apical half of the crooked portion tapering, the 

 pointed tip directed toward the middle of the stem. 



This genus occurs throughout the tropics of both worlds, in each 

 of which it is well represented. In the Old World it extends over the 

 Avhole of Africa south of the great desert, the whole of Asia, at least south 

 of the tropic of Cancer, and all the islands of the Indian Ocean. In 

 South America it probably does not reach beyond the tropic of Capricorn, 

 and, except one species, extends just to the tropic of Cancer in the northern 

 hemisphere; this one species, however (the only one with which we have 

 to deal) , is found almost wholly north of the tropics as far as the latitude 

 of 40°, and occasionally a little further. In a few instances it has been 

 taken in southern Ncav England. 



The butterflies of this genus are of medium size; the upper surface of 

 the wings bears a general resemblance to that of the Pyrameis section of 

 Vanessa ; the ground color is dark brown often tinged with blue on the 

 middle of the hind wings ; the cell of the fore wings is marked by two 

 bright-colored, black-edged, transverse bars ; the outer border is edged 

 with clouded, wavy lines preceded, sometimes on both wings, sometimes 

 on the fore wings only, by two ocelli of unequal size in the subcostal and 

 median areas, — the lower being the larger on the fore, the upper on the 

 hind wing ; the larger one of the fore wing is also enveloped in a broad, 

 irregular, pale band which crosses the wing beyond the middle. Beneath, 

 the markings of the fore wings are repeated, but the hind Avings become 

 clay broAvn with transverse darker markings, especially in the middle of 

 the outer half of the wing, where they usually include a transverse series 

 of two or more small, dark, rounded spots. The butterflies may further 



