544 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



AVhen resting for the night on a horizontal surface, the wings are brought 

 back to back, the front concealed as far as possible by the hind pair ; the 

 anal angle rests upon the ground, entirely concealing the abdomen, but 

 the trunk is raised above the surface of rest at an angle of 50°, and the 

 antennae lie in a plane perpendicular to the surface of rest, and divaricate 

 at an angle of about 140°. Resting for the night on a vertical surface, 

 the thorax and abdomen have the same bend as before, but the trunk is 

 nearly parallel to the surface of rest, so that the wings project to an 

 unusual degree, the costa of the fore wing falling from the horizontal only 

 about 30°. The antennae hold the same position relative to the body as 

 before. 



In some experiments with this butterfly, Dr. Packard found that excision 

 of the antennae affected its action but little. 



On putting sweetened water on the ends of the stumps of the antennae, in a minute 

 it partly but not wholly unrolled its maxillae. On moistening the ends of the labial 

 palpi no eflect was produced ; on moistening the base and ends of the maxillae they at 

 once unrolled and felt about for the sweet object with their tips, and on putting a 

 drop of sweetened water on the window-frame in front of it, it eagerly lapped it with 

 the maxillae, and on losing the place of the drop it felt around until it found it and 

 then again lapped it. (Am. nat., xi : 421.) 



Desiderata. The history of the larva in its natural haunts is the most 

 important lack in our knowledge of this species. I have failed to obtain 

 the larva in the field by the use of traps. When that is fairly known it 

 will explain, no doubt, the reason for the long period during which fresh 

 buttertlies are leaving the chrysalis. Is there any lethargy in the cater- 

 pillars to produce this effect ? We also need to know whether the eggs 

 are laid only by long-flown butterflies or whether all, old or new, lay 

 them at the late season. Are the eggs ever laid so late as not to hatch 

 in the autumn? If so, do they hatch at all? And if they do, is the 

 young larva fully developed in the egg before the winter ? The natural 

 food plant is still unknown. The distribution of the species needs, no 

 doubt, much revision before it may be considered fairly established. 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.—SPEYEBIA IB ALIA. 



General. Imago. 



PI. 21 fio'. 4. Distribution in North America. PI- 4, fig. 3. Female, upper surface. 



]^;(,(i ^' Male, both surfaces. 



PI. 64, fig. 34. Plain. ' 12:12. Both surfaces. 



67 • 19 Micropyle. ^^ • ^^- ^I'^'c alxloniiual appendages. 



//*,•// . 39:2. Neuratiou. 



44: 4. Median vein of fore wings 'of male, 



PI. 72, fig. 10. Caterpillar at Ijirth. showing position of scales and audroconia 



75:10. Mature caterpillar, mostly dorsal 46:11. Androcouium. 



view. 53 ; 7, gije view of head and appendages 



79 : 2. Front view of head in stage i. enlarged, with details of the structure of 



Chrysalis. the legs. 



PL 84, lig. 4. Side view. 61:31. Papilla of tongue. 



