NYMPIIALINAE: ARGYNNIS APIIllODITE. 567 



tliese spots project upon it; in aphrodite its usinil limit is the exterior edges of the 

 small cinnamoneous spots found at the apices of the extra-mesial silvery spots, but the 

 cinnauioueous interior bordering of the subniarginal row of silvery spots is some- 

 times so broad as to unite Avith the reds beyond, and thus to break the buff band by 

 detachments of powdery streaks, and tlien the contrast to the broad, immaculate belt of 

 cybele becomes more striking; the apical appendage to the silvery spot at the apex of 

 the cell on the hind wings is edged interiorly with black in aphrodite only; the mar- 

 ginal silvery streaks are more decided in aphrodite than in cybele. 



The chrysalis of A. cybele is more coarsely rugose than that of A. aphrodite, 

 while the spines in the present species ai*c less prominent than in cybele, with the 

 possible exception of the latorodorsal spines of the prothorax. In markings the 

 chrysalis appears to differ from that of A. cybele in having the basal segments of the 

 abdomen particolored. 



From A. alcestis Edw., to which the species is, of all others known from North 

 America, the most closely allied, A. aphrodite may be distinguished principally by the 

 prevailing tints, and by the total or nearly total absence of a buff subniarginal band 

 on the under side of the hind wings. In A. alcestis the color of the upper surface of 

 both wings is alike and exactly that of the hind wings of A. aphrodite; in every 

 other point or ornamentation, to the minutest particular, the upper surface is the same 

 in the two species. Beneath, the black and the silvery markings are again the same in 

 the two species ; the fore wings are almost uniformly washed with the same tint in 

 A. alcestis that covers the principal portion of the wing of A. aphrodite, the bufl 

 colors being completely absent, and even tbe cinnamoneous tints which in A. alcestis 

 supplant the black at the apex are faint and suffused with orange ; the tint of the hind 

 wings of A. alcestis, a soft, yellowish cinnamoneous, is uniform over the whole wing, 

 excepting that it is inf uscated above each of the silvery spots of the extra-mesial row, 

 and that sometimes a vague tinge of buff is seen in the place occupied in A. aphrodite 

 by the buff band. 



Distribution (21: 6). In eastern America the range of this buttei-fly is 

 much tlie same as that of the preceding species ; but whereas A. cybele 

 prevails in the south and is scarce in the north, A. aphrodite, on the contrary, 

 is rare in the south (i. e., in the southern quarter of the Alleghanian 

 fauna) and abounds in the north, not infrequently encroaching upon the 

 Canadian fauna. Mr. W. H. Edwards states that in tlie vicinity of Xew- 

 burgh, New York, A. cybele is but little more abundant than A. aphro- 

 dite ; while in the Catskills the latter abounds and A. cybele is rare. The 

 most southern localities whence it has been recorded are Kanawha 

 County "occasional" and Elk Kiver, W. Va.,"rare" (Edwards), above the 

 base of Big Butte, one of the Iron or Smoky Mountains, Tennessee, three 

 thousand feet above the sea (Bean, fide Uhler) and Black Mountain, 

 North Carolina (Id.). Eastward it is "common" as far as Xova Scotia 

 (Jones) ; and to the west it occurs in Ohio (Kirtland, Kirkpatrick) , 

 southern Michigan "not common" (Harrington, Mich. Univ.), Illinois 

 (Edwards), Wisconsin "abundant" (Hoy), Iowa (Putnam, Osborn), 

 Kansas "one specimen" (Snow), Nebraska and Dakota (Edwards), 

 Edmonton (Geddes) and Woody Mt., Assiniboia (Dawson), Judith 

 Mountains, Montana (Edwards), and even Colorado and Arizona "very 

 rare" (Mead), though the specimens from these localities differ from the 

 type. To the north it has been found at ^loose Factory, Hudson Bay 



