588 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW EXGLAXD. 



rano-ed on either side in four rows, three above and one below the spira- 

 cles, each wart giving rise to a single hair or to a cluster of very long, 

 tapering, minutely spiculiferous hairs, expanding into a delicate, cup- 

 shaped club at the tip. 



The body of the mature larvae is furnished with six longitudinal rows 

 of simple mammulae, differently disposed on the thoracic and abdominal 

 segments, each mammula bearing a stout, fleshy, conical, bluntly tipped, 

 aculiferous process, midway in character between the same appendage in 

 Aro-ynnis and Melitaea. The caterpillars are usually of some gray tint, 

 marked with blackish lateral blotches or longitudinal bands ; the spines 

 sometimes differ in color. 



The chrysalids are less angulated than those of Argynnis, but like them 

 are strongly constricted in the middle ; the dorsal portion of the third 

 abdominal segment is considerably elevated and surmounted by the 

 highest spines ; the abdomen is nearly cylindrical, tapering rapidly only 

 beyond its eighth segment. They are dark brown or gray in tint, varied 

 Avith darker colors, often with dull metallic spots. 



EXCURSUS XVIII. —GLACIAL REMINDERS: OUR OLDEST 

 NEW ENGLAND BUTTERFLIES. 



No park — no ring — no afternoon gentility — 

 No company — no nobility — 

 No warmth, no cheerfulness, no healthful ease, 

 No comfortable feel in any member — 

 No shade, no shine, no butterllies, no bees, 

 No fruits, no flowers, no leaves, no birds, 

 November! 



HOOD. 



That a vast sheet of ice once covered New England has been so long 

 known as to be common intellectual property. The great mass of drift 

 which covers the entire ftice of the country is too conspicuous to be over- 

 looked by any observing person. That we have indications of a former 

 ice period in the present inhabitants of the district is perhaps not so well 

 known by all. That such should be recognized among the butterflies appears 

 at first blush surprising ; yet a careful investigation of the butterfly fauna of 

 New England, and its comparison with that of neighboring parts of the 

 country, show that the nearest allies of no inconsiderable portion of our 

 butterflies now exist in the far north, in regions where the summer still 

 retains the retarding influence of the frozen zone, or they may be found still 

 feeding close beside the existing glaciers of arctic lands. To mention 

 only the most conspicuous instances which we have, we would recall the 

 two butterflies referred to in a former excursus, as now found exclusively 

 upon the barren summits of the White Mountains, and at no other point 

 in or near New England. 



